Chapter 9, A Beka Book
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Thunderstorms | Localized storms involving lightning, thunder, strong winds, heavy rains, and sometimes hail or tornadoes
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| Stable | The air is this when currents of rising air are stopped by adiabatic cooling and thus do not rise to great altitudes
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| Unstable | The air is this when warm air is near the ground but there is very cool air at higher altitudes
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| Cumulus stage | The stage of a thunderstorm in which ice crystals and super-cooled water droplets begin to develop
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| Mature stage | During which the thunderstorm reaches the peak of its strength (the beginning is marked by the arrival of precipitation)
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| Downdrafts | Concentrated blasts of cool wind that originate from strong, localized downdrafts
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| Microbursts | The smallest, most intense downbursts
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| Dissipating stage | In which the clouds begin to evaporate because it's power supply is cut off
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| Cell | Updraft system
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| Single-cell thunderstorm | A thunderstorm containing one cell
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| Multiple-cell thunderstorm | Thunderstorms with more than one cell
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| Squall line | A multiple-cell thunderstorm that is a long line of advancing thunderstorms usually moving ahead of a cold front
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| Supercell | The most powerful type of thunderstorm; it is single-celled
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| Lightning | An abrupt discharge of electricity through the air that produces a quick flash of bright light
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| Stepped leader | An electron stream
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| The positive charge on the ground, attracted by the approaching stepped leader, launches upward in a(n) ___ ___ that rises to meet the stepped leader. | positive streamer
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| Return stroke | The upward flow of positive charge that forms the flash of light that can be seen
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| Dart leader | A second leader that travels down the channel of the first strike
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| Thunder | A shock wave of sound
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| ___ ___-___-___ lightning is lightning in which the stepped leader travels from a negative region of the cloud down to the ground. | Negative cloud-to-ground lightning
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| ___ ___-___-____ occurs when a stepped leader begins from the cloud's positively charged upper region. | Positive cloud-to-ground lightning
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| ___ ___ is lightning that usually causes objects it strikes to catch on fire. | Hot lightning
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| Lightning can also strike ___-___-___, although this type of lightning does not occur frequently. | ground-to-cloud
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| 30-30 rule | A principle says if there are 30 seconds or less between seeing lightning strike and hearing thunder, stay in a safe place until there has been no thunder for at least 30 minutes
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| ___-___-___ lightning occurs between two clouds or between positive and negative sections of the same cloud. | Cloud-to-cloud
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| ___ ___ is a rare phenomenon that consists of a small sphere of electricity that seems to float in the air for several seconds. | Ball lightning
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| Tornado | A narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the goround
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| Common names for tornadoes are ___ or ___, although to a meteorologist a ___ refers to any low-pressure system in which winds rotate in a direction caused by the Coriolis effect. | twisters, cyclones, cyclone
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| The most powerful tornadoes are believed to form from the ___ ___ found in many super-cell thunderstorms. | rotating updrafts
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| Mesocyclone | A rotating updraft
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| When an inner region of rotating air reaches the ground, it becomes a what? | tornado
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| Wall cloud | A large, rotating cylindrical extension form the base of the supercell
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| Condensation funnel | The most distinctive visual feature of a tornado
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| Tornado Alley | The Mississippi Valley and eastern Great Plains of the United States
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| The ___ ___ classifies tornadoes based on intensity and area. | Fujita scale
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| Enhanced Fujita Scale | The scale currently used to rank tornado intensity
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| Waterspout | A tornado that forms over water
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| Dust devil | A dust devil is like a tornado but a dust devil starts on the ground and is not associated with a cloud
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| Tornado warning | Means a tornado has been reported or favorable winds for a tornado have been spotted on a weather radar
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