A&P 1 -- Chapter 4 Medical Terminology
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| Cells (cyto/o) | Fundamental unit of all living things
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| Cell membrane | Surrounds and protects; determines what leaves and enters cell
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| Nucleus | Control center of cell; contains chromosomes
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| Cytoplasm | Gel-like substance containing organelles that carry out essential functions of a cell
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| Mitochondria | Provide principle source of energy for the cell
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| Lysosomes | Contain various enzymes that function in intracellular digestion
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| Ribosomes | Build/synthesize long chains of protein "protein factories"
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| Components of a Cell (6) | 1. Cell membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm 4. Mitochondria 5. Lysosomes 6. Ribosomes
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Network of canals within cytoplasm
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| Chromosomes | Rod shaped structures in NUCLEUS that contain DNA-GENES; each cell contains 46 single (23 pairs) chromosomes; EXCEPTION -- egg and sperm only have 23 single chromosomes
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| Tissues | Composed of groups of similar cells performing common functions
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| Types of tissues (4) | 1. Connective 2. Epithelial 3. Muscle 4. Nervous
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| Connective tissue | Supports and binds other body tissue and parts. Ie: liquid (blood); fatty (protective padding); fibrous (tendons and ligaments); cartilage (rings of trachea); or solid (bone)
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| Muscle tissue | Capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body through contracting and relaxing of fibers.
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | Skeletal (attached to bone and responsible for movement); smooth/visceral (found in the walls of hollow organs like stomach and intestines); cardiac (muscular wall of heart only)
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| Nervous tissue | Transmits impulses throughout the body; activating, coordinating and controlling many body functions
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| Membrane is | Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space (abdominal membrane)
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| Histologist | Medical specialist in the study of tissues
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| Cytology | Study of cells
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| Organs | Made up of tissues arranged to perform a particular function. Ie: liver; spleen; stomach; lungs; bladder; pancreas; kidneys; intestines and ovaries.
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| Visceral | Internal organs
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| Systems | Organizations of various organs so they perform the many functions of the body
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| Whole Body Groups | Cells form tissues → Tissues form organs → Organs form systems → Systems form organisms
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| Primary body systems (13) | Muscular; Endocrine; Respiratory; Lymphatic; Integumnetary; Nervous (MERLIN) Skeletal; Cardiac; Reproductive; Urinary; Digestive and Special senses (SCRUDS)
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| Anatomical Position | Body erect; eyes forward and palms facing outward
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| Terms to describe Body | Planes; Cavities; Quadrants; Regions of abdominal cavity and Divisions of spinal column
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| Body planes (3) | Identify position of various parts within the body: 1. Frontal/Coronal Plane 2. Transverse/Horizontal 3. Midsagittal
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| Frontal/Coronal Plane | Divides body anterior and posterior, front to back
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| Transverse/Horizontal Plane | Divides across the body, parallel to the ground
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| Midsagittal Plane | Divides lengthwise vertical (left and right side)
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| Abdominal Quadrants | 1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
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| Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) | Liver (rt); gall bladder; pancreas (rt); part of small and large intestines
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| Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) | Liver (lt); stomach; spleen; pancreas lt); part of small and large intestine
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| Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) | Part of small and large intestine; ovary and fallopian (rt); appendix; ureter (rt)
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| Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) | Part of small and large intestine; ovary and fallopian (lt); ureter (lt)
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| Regions of Abdominal Quadrants | Hypochondriac (lt and rt); Epigastric; Lumbar (lt and rt); Umbilical; Iliac (lt and rt) and Hypogastric
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