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Muscle_Origin_Insertion_Action_Mel_Cash

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Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Biceps femoris   Ischial tuberosity   Lateral tibial condyle and lateral head of fibula   Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight Outward rotation when flexed  
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Semimembranosus   Ischial tuberosity   Medial tibial condyle   Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight Inward rotation when flexed  
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Semitendinosus   Ischial tuberosity   Medial tibial condyle   Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight Inward rotation when flexed  
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Gastrocnemius   Posterior, medial and lateral fermoral condyles   via Achilles tendon to posterior calcaneum   Plantaflexes foot and flex knee  
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Soleus   Upper 2/3 of posterior tibia and fibula   via Achilles tendon to posterior calcaneum   Plantaflexes foot  
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Gluteus maximus   Medial iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and Sacrotuberous Ligament   Proximal Part ITB Distal part Gluteal tuberosity of femur   Extend and outwardly rotates hip Proximal Part: Slight Abduction Distal Part: Slight Adduction  
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Gluteus medius   Upper posterior surface of ilium   Great trochanter of femur   Abducts the Hip Anterior: flexes and inward rotation hip, Posterior: Extends and outward rotation hip  
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Gluteus minimus   Lower Posterior surface of ilium   Great trochanter of femur   Abducts and inwardly rotates hip  
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Piriformis   Anterior lateral surface of sacrum   Great trochanter of femur   Outwardly rotates and abducts hip  
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Obturator internus   Ilium, ischium and pubis   Great trochanter of femur   Outwardly rotates and abducts hip  
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Obturator externus   Lower surface of ilium and Pubis   Great trochanter of femur   Outwardly rotates and adducts hip  
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Quadratus femoris   Ischial tuberosity   Posterior, inferior to great trochanter   Outwardly rotates hip  
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Popliteus   Posterior, lateral femoral condyle and posterior lateral meniscus   Superior, posterior tibia   Flexes knee and Slight Inward rotation  
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Plantaris   Above the lateral femoral condyle   Via long tendon to the medial, posterior calcaneum   Flexes knee and plantaflexes foot  
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Tibialis posterior   Upper half of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane   Plantar side of tarsals and metatarsals   Plantaflexes and inverts foot  
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Flexor digitorum longus   Upper half of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane   Distal phalanx of 4 outer toes   Plantaflexes foot and toes, inverts foot  
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Flexor hallucis longus   Upper half of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane   Distal phalanx of big toe   Plantaflexes foot and big toe. Inverts foot  
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Flexor digitorum brevis   Calcaneum   Middle phalanges of 4 outer toes   Flexes toes  
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Abductor hallucis   Medial calcaneum   Metatarsal/phalangeal joint (big toe)   Abducts and flexes big toe and maintains foot arch  
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Flexor hallucis brevis   Lateral cubeiform and cuboid   Metatarsal/phalangeal joint (big toe)   Flexes big toe  
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Abductor digiti minimi   Posterior, lateral calcaneum   Phalanx of 5th toe   Abducts 5th toe  
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Extensor digitorum brevis   Calcaneum   2nd to 4th toe   Dorsiflexes toe  
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Extensor hallucis brevis   Calcaneum   Big toe   Dorsiflexes big toe  
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Psoas major and minor   T12 to L4/5   Lesser trochanter of femur   Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh  
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Iliacus   Anterior, inferior iliac spine and Iliac Fossa   Lesser trochanter of femur   Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh  
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Rectus femoris   Anterior, inferior iliac spine   Via patella and infapatella tendon to tibial tuberosity   Flexes hip and extends knee  
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Vastas lateralis   upper part of Femur   Patellar, border and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity   Extends knee  
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Vastas intermedialis   Upper part of Femur   Patellar, border and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity   Extends knee  
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Vastas medialis   Upper part of Femur   Patellar, border and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity   Extends knee  
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Sartorius   Anterior, superior iliac spine (ASIS)   Upper, medial tibial shaft c   Flexes hip and knee, outwardly rotates and abducts hip and inwardly rotates knee  
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Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)   Anterior iliac crest   via Iliotibial band to lateral tibial condyle   Abducts hip. Also slight flexion and inward rotation  
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Iliotibial Band (IT)   Tensor fascia lata (muscle)   Below lateral tibial condyle   Stabilise lateral side of knee  
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Gracilis   Lower pubis   Upper, medial tibial shaft (per anserinus)   Adducts leg, flex knee  
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Pectineus   Upper pubis   Linea aspera of femur   Adduct and Flex hip and slight inward rotatation  
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Adductor brevis   From pubis to ischium   Full length of medial border of femur   Adduct leg and slight outward rotatation  
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Adductor longus   From pubis to ischium   Full length of medial border of femur   Adduct leg and slight outward rotatation  
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Adductor magnus   From pubis to ischium   Full length of medial border of femur   Adduct leg and slight outward rotatation  
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Adductor minimus   From pubis to ischium   Full length of medial border of femur   Adduct leg and slight outward rotatation  
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Tibialis anterior   Lateral surface of tibia and interosseus membrane   Planter surface of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform   Dorsiflexes foot and slight supinator  
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Extensor digitorum longus   Lateral tibial condyle and head of Fibula   2nd to 5th toes   Dorsiflexes foot and toes  
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Extensor hallucis longus   Fibula and interosseous membrane   Distal phalanx of big toe   Extends and dorsiflexes big toe and supinate foot  
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Peroneus longus   Head and Lateral aspect of fibula   Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuniform   Pronate foot and assist plantaflexion  
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Peroneus brevis   Lateral surface of fibula   Lateral, proximal aspect of 5th metatarsal   Pronate foot and assist in plantaflexion  
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Iliocostals   Sacrum, iliac crest and ribs   Ribs and cervical vertebrae   Bilaterally: extends spine. Unilaterally: side-flex spine. Extends and rotates head  
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Longissimus   Sacrum, lower thoracic and lumber vertebrae   Cervical and lower thoracic vertebrae, and mastoid process   Bilaterally: extends spine. Unilaterally: side-flex spine. Extends and rotates head  
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Spinalis   Connects transverse and spinous processes   Connects transverse and spinous processes   Bilaterally: extends spine. Unilaterally: side-flex spine. Extends and rotates head  
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Interspinalis   Connects transverse and spinous processes   Connects transverse and spinous processes   All intervertebral movements  
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Multifides   Connects transverse and spinous processes   Connects transverse and spinous processes   All intervertebral movements  
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Semispinalis   Connects transverse and spinous processes   Connects transverse and spinous processes   All intervertebral movements  
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Quadratus lumborum   Iliac crest and Iliolumbarligament   12 rib L1 to L4/5 transverse processes   Bilaterally: extends lower back. Unilaterally side-bends trunk  
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Spenius capitis   C7 to T3/4   Mastoid process, occiput, transverse process of atlas   Extends and rotates head  
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Splenius cervicus   T4 to T6   Mastoid process, occiput, transverse process of atlas   Extends and rotates head  
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Semispinalis   C3/4 to T5   Occiptal   Extends and rotates head  
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Capitis   Transverse and spinous process of atlas and axis   Occiput   Extends and rotates head  
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Scalenes anterior, medius, posterior   C2 to C7 transverse Processes   1st and 2nd rib   Flex and rotate head. raises ribs on inspiration  
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Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)   Sternum and clavicle   Mastiod process   Flex, rotates and side-bends head  
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External obliques   Lateral surface of 5th to 12th ribs (running diagonally downwards)   Abdominal aponeurosis and lower three ribs and Illiac Crest   Rotates, flexes and side-bends trunk. Supports viscera and assists exhalation  
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Internal obliques   Iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia and inguinal ligament (mostly running diagonally upwards)   Abdominal aponeurosis   Rotates, flexes and side-bends trunk. Supports viscera and assists exhalation  
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Transverse obliques   7th to 12th ribs, thorcolumbar fascia and iliac crest and inguinal ligament (running horizontally)   Abdominal aponeurosis   Rotates, flexes and side-bends trunk. Supports viscera and assists exhalation  
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Rectus abdominus   Pubic Crest   Cartilage of 5th to 7th ribs and xiphoid process   Flexes trunk  
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Diaphragm   Sternum, Xiphoid Process, costal cartilage, 7th to 12 ribs, upper L2/3   Cenral tendon   Inhalation the uppward domed muscle is drawn downeard creating a vacuum in the chest cavity.  
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Internal Intercostal   Cross between adjacent ribs   Cross between adjacent ribs   Forced Exhalation  
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External intercostal   Cross between adjacent ribs   Cross between adjacent ribs   Inhalation  
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Trapezius   Occipital bone, ligaments of cervical spine and thoracic spine   Clavicle amd spine of scapula   Stabilises scapula, and some elevation and rotation of scapula  
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Levator scapula   C1 to C4 Transverse processes   Superior angle of scapula   Raises scapula or rotates and side-bends head  
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Rhomboid minor   C6 to C7   Medial border of scapula   stabilises and rotates scapula and Retracts towards the spine  
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Rhomboid major   T1 to T4 Spious Processes   Medical border of scapula   stabilises and Rotates scapula and Retracts towards the spine.  
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Serratus anterior   Lateral surface of 1st to 9th ribs   Anterior surface of medial border of scapula   Protraction and rotation of Scapula  
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Latissimus dorsi   T7 to T12, and via lumbar fascia to L1, L5 and iliac crest   Bicipital grove of humerus   Adducts, extends (draws back) and inwardly rotates arm  
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Teres major   Lower lateral border of scapula   Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus   Inwardly rotates, extend and adducts arm  
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Supraspinatus   Upper posteria surface of scapula   Great tuberosity of humerus   initiates Shoulder Abduction  
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Infraspinatus   Lower posterior surface of scapula   Great tuberosity of humerus   Outwardly rotates arm  
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Teres minor   Lateral border of scapula   Great tuberosity of humerus   Outwardly rotates arm  
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Subscapularis   Anterior surface of scapula   Lesser tuberosity of humerus   Inwardly rotates arm  
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Subclavicular   Proximal end of 1st rib   Inferior distal part of clavicle   Pulls Clavical Down  
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Pectoralis major   Clavicle, sternum, 1st to 6th ribs   Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus   Horizontal adduction, adducts, flexes and inwardly rotates arm  
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Pectoralis minor   3rd to 5th ribs   Coracoid process of scapula   Draws scapula forward and down  
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Deltoid   Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus (midway along)   Anterior: draw scapula forward and inwardly rotate. Lateral: abducts arm. Posterior: draws arm back (extends) and outwardly rotates  
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Coracobrachialis   Coracoid process of scapula   Medical borber of humerus   Draws arm forward and inward  
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Biceps brachii   coracoid process of scapula Long head: passes over top of joint laterally to scapula.   via a strong tendon to radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis   Strong: flexor and supinator of forearm. Weak; abducts (long head), Adducts (short head) the shoulder  
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Brachialis   Lower anterior surface of humerus   Ulnar tuberosity   Flex Elbow  
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Triceps brachii   Long head:infra-glenoid tubercle of scapula. Medial and lateral heads:posterior surface of humerus   Through a flat tendon to the olecranon process of ulna   Extends elbow. Long head: slight adduction of shoulder  
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Brachioradialis   Distal, lateral edge of humerus   Styloid process of radius   Flexes forearm  
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Common extensors   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   Base of metacarpals and phalanges   Extends and abducts/adducts wrist and hand  
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Pronator teres   Above the medial epicondyle   Midway along lateral radius   Pronates and flexes forearm  
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Pronator quadratus   Palmar surface of lower ulna   Palmar surface of radius   Pronates forearm  
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Common flexors   Medial epicondyle of humerus. Upper and middle radius and ulna   Metacarpals, aponeurosis and phalanges   Flexes wrist, fingers and thumb  
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Supinator   Lateral epicondyle of humorus and ulnar crest   Lateral surface of upper radius   Supinates forearm  
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Abductor pollicis longus   Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseus membrane   Base of first metacarpal bone   Extends and abducts thumb, Radial abduction of wrist  
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Extensor pollicis brevis   Poserior surface of radius and ulna and interosseus Membrane   Proximal Phalanges of thumb   Extends and abducts thumb Radial abduction of wrist  
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Extensor pollicis longus   Posterior surface of radius and ulna and Inteosseus membrane   Distal Phalanges of thumb   Extends and abducts thumb radial abduction of wrist  
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(Thenar eminence) Pollicis muscles   Lateral 3 metacarpals and flexor retinaculum   Metacarpal and proximal phalanx (thumb)   All inward movements of thumb  
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(Hypothenar eminence) Digit minimi   Medial 2 metacarpals and flexor retinaculum   Metacarpal and proximal phalanx (5th finger)   All inward movement of the ulmnar border of hand  
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