| Question |
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| Answer |
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| ( ) blue, ( ) green ( ) red are the cone peaks |
450,510,570 |
| ___ quanta are minimum for detection in dark adapted person |
5 to 14, average of 9 |
| a deuteranomolous trichromat mataches ___ with red and green on the anomoloscope, a normal trichromate would see more___ |
yellow, green |
| a gray square will appear red on a ___ background because of simulataneous contrast |
green |
| a myope sees a __ center with a ___ fringe when looking at a cobalt filter |
red , blue |
| a person cannot be a ____ |
deuteranomolous deuteranope |
| a protanope and a deuteranope have the same ___ luminosity curve |
scotopic |
| __ ( not effect) states the luminance of a mixture of colors is equal to the sum of the luminance of it parts (luminance is additive) |
Abney's law |
| airy's disc is due to __ |
diffraction |
| an emmetrope with +1.00 will see a __ circle with __ center |
blue, red |
| at the rod saturation pt, 10% of the pigment is ___ |
bleached |
| ___ motion is apparent motion of small isolated object in dark environment |
Autokinetic |
| ___ masking is explained by a latency difference |
backward |
| ___ of the retina can be seen as moving spots while looking at a brightly illuminated surface (blue sky) |
blue arcs |
| ____ are entopic phenomena seen in the center of the fovea |
blue spots or maxwell spots |
| ___ color vision problems can be due to acquired ON defect |
blue yellow |
| Cataracts and age ___ CFF |
decrease |
| Cells in an ocular dominance column respond to stimuli in the __ orientation |
same |
| CFF decreases ___ by age 40,70% is due to ___ |
decrease, senile miosis |
| CFF __ with yellowing of the lens |
decreases |
| CFF __ with light intensity , if high frequency |
increases |
| it takes __ minutes for 50% of rods to regenerate and __ min for 50% of cones to regenerate |
5, 1.5 |
| kitten's critical period is |
1-3 months |
| Lambert surface reflects light equally in __ direction (a perfect diffuser) |
ALL |
| large pupils effect VA by __ & ___ aberration |
spherical and chromatic |
| location of maximal stimulus for rods is |
> 20 degrees |
| __ is the rate of passage of light from a source |
luminous flux |
| clouds are white due to ____ scatter |
Tyndall |
| color confusion is the basis for ____ |
pseudoisochromatic plates |
| color specification can be demonstrated by __,__,___ |
hue, chroma, value |
| complete spatial summation is implied in _____ |
Ricco's law |
| cones are maximally sensitive @ ___ |
555 nm |
| Contrast sensitivity peaks at all spatial frequencies by age ___ and remains until __ |
18, 39 |
| contrast sensitivity shows overall depression under ___ condition |
mesopic |
| ___ varies directly with the effective size of a retinal unit |
depth of focus |
| ___ is the minimum visible |
detection VA |
| ____'s colors generally attributed to different photoreceptor latencies |
fechner's |
| for given exposure to light, __ bleach faster |
cone |
| For every __ you move out on the horopter, panum's fusional area gets larger by __ degree |
5, 1 |
| __ and __ contribute to chroma |
Hue and saturation |
| __ specifies how much color stimulus differs from a white light of equal brightness |
HUE |
| if cones and rods are both bleached, after 5 minutes, more __ than __ will be regenerated |
cones , rods |
| if you induce exotropia, a monkey will be able to see out of either, , but not at the same time |
|
| if you wanted to test scotopic dark adaptation, you would use ___ target located __ degrees eccentrically |
blue/green , 20 |
| in a badal optometer, a __, lens would provide __ per centimeter of object displacement |
+40, 16D |
| in the dark, accommodative posture is __ infinitiy |
inside |
| __ yields a continuous spectrum |
incandescence |
| in the leaf room, all __ cues are removed |
monocular |
| induced effect is from X __. geometric effect is from __ |
180, x090 |
| monkeys critical period is ___ |
6 wks |
| monkeys raised in a confined environment will exhibit ___ |
myopia |
| Moore 's lighting streaks may be a sign of ___ |
PVD |
| most common ectopic phenomena are from ___ |
vitreal floaters |
| most common form of hereditary CV deficiency is __ |
deuteranomaly |
| most common method of determining the horopter is the __ |
apparent fronto-parallel plane |
| ___ parallax is a cue that is within arms length |
motion |
| __ myopia is due to resting accommodation, chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and extrafoveal fixation |
Night |
| Normal vernier acutity is __ |
2-4 seconds |
| panum's fusional area is the largest ___ |
in the periphery |
| peak of CFF is __ |
5 cycles/degree |
| phosphenes are more commonly seen in ___ women, and are seen __ and __ |
middle aged, vertically and temporally |
| pulfrich phenomenon is seen ___ with filter on the OD ey e |
Counterclockwise |
| receptive fields of complex cells are selective for ____ |
motion of a certain orientation |
| red curve is missing for __, green for __ |
prontonopes,deuteronopes |
| red-yellow are the colors that are confused by a ____ |
tritanope |
| refocusing with (+) lens affects CSF @ __ frequency |
high |
| retinal vessels are not visible due to ___ effect |
troxler effect |
| rods are maximally sensitive @ |
505 |
| signal detection DOES NOT detect ___ |
background noise |
| Sky is blue due to ____ |
rayleigh scatter |
| small pupil decreases VA by ___ |
Diffraction |
| snellen acutiy compares with CSF at ___ frequency |
highest frequency |
| spectral sensitivity shifts towards __ wavelengths as you age |
LOW |
| stereopsis requires ___ disparity |
HORIZONTAL |
| stiles crawford effect I (angle affects brightness) has to do with wave property of light |
|
| stiles crawford effect I is present in __ and __ , but more in ___ |
rods and cone, cones |
| temporal summation is ___ sec for scotopic and __ msec for photoptic |
100 ms, and 10-50 msec |
| temporal summation is ___ of wavelength |
independent |
| temporal summation is longer for ___ stimuli and lower __ levels |
pattern, light |
| the ___ wave has the highest amplitude |
B |
| the best measure of resoln acuity is __ |
grating stimuli |
| the flicker and cascade methods represents techniques used in ____ |
heterochromatic photometry |
| the greatest modulation in a diagram is the one with the greatest difference in |
peak and trough |
| the hue that will appear least saturated to deuteranope is ___ |
green |
| the ___is a unit of luminous flux (luminous pwr) |
lumen |
| the main reason for modular transfer is ___ image on the retina |
quality |
| the min distance that can be resolved at 1km with the unaided eye is ___ |
26.8 |
| the nonius horopter is referred to as the ___ horopter |
equi-angular |
| the peak of phototopic luminosity curve is ___ |
555 |
| the perceived brightness of a brief single flash stimulus remains constant if time is ___ than the critical duration |
greater |
| the photochromatic interval is __ for red stimuli and is larger for ____ |
0, blue/green |
| ____ are designed around confusion lines in the CIE diagram |
pseudoisochromatic plates |
| the process of colors analysis begins at the ___ |
retina |
| the purkinje shift prves the __ theory |
purkinje |
| the spatial modulation transfer fxn is the ratio of the input frequency to the __ input |
contrast |
| Luminance, chromaticity, s phase( LCS) potential are ___ |
graded, transient |
| the threshold sensitivity of ___ is more affected than cones by a given amt of pigment bleaching |
rods |
| the time required to perceive apparent motion is a ___ msec pause btw 2 targets |
50-60 |
| the __ is a measure of retinal illuminance |
troland |
| the ___ is the luminance of a stimulus times the area of the entrance pupil |
troland |
| under scoptopic conditions , ___ will seems brighter |
blue poker chips |
| ___ light causes cataract changes and is the most damaging to ocular structures |
UV B 300 |
| VA ___ as airy disc __ |
increases, decreases |
| __ is the best measure of VA |
vernier |
| ___ are preferred in the cortex |
vertical |
| VM circle is the locus of pts with ---geometric retinal disparity |
0 |
| when you fixate on a dart target, it is __ |
oculoexentric |
| with ODX90 and OS X 180 right wall will seem ___ |
farther out |
Beef Production
