Chapter 9 Rocks
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| rock | a mixture of minerlas, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other material
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| rock cycle | model showing processes that create and change rock
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| conservation of matter | rock cycle never destroys elements of rocks, but merely redistributes them
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| James Hutton | recognized the rock cycle in 1788 by observing Siccar Point, Scotland
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| lava | molten rock above the surface of the earth
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| magma | molten rock under the surface of the earth
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| intrusive rock | large-grained igneaous rock formed by slow cooling magma under the earth's surface
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| extrusive rock | small-grained igneaous rock made from magma cooled near or at the earth's surface
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| basaltic igneous rocks | dark-colored;dense ;contain iron and magnesium, but very little silica; the lava flows freely from a volcanoe
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| granatic igneous rock | low density; light color; contain a lot of silica and little iron and magnesium; the magma is thick and stiff
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| adesitic | more balanced composition of materials and density than basalti or granitic rocks
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| volcanic glass rocks | cool so quickly that few crystals form
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| metamorphic rocks | changed by temperature, pressure, and hot fluids
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| foliated | mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers or bands
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| non-foliated | mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers
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| sedimentary rock | mostly found on the exposed surface of the earth; can form in solutions; compacted sediments
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| chalk | made from microscopic calcite-shell remains of animals
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| coal | made of plant remains chemically changed by microorganisms and compacted over millions of years
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