Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Manicure | Cosmetic service for care of the hands, which includes skin and nail care, cosmetic treatments and procedures, polishing techniques and artificial nail applications
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| Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails and feet
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| Quaternary ammonium compounds | Aka Quats, is the standard name for disinfectants
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| Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly
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| Sodium hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach
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| Phenol | Strong, high pH disinfectant
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| Accelerated hydrogen peroxide | AHP, disinfectant based on stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non toxic to the skin and environment. This type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days
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| Nail rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth and file the free edge
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| Wooden pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate and clean under the free edge. Made from Orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods. Disposal alternatives for pushing back cuticles
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| Metal pusher | Used to gently scrap the cuticle from the natural nail, they are made of stainless steel and can be disinfected and reused
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| Onyx | Technical term for nails
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| Nail plate | Translucent portion of the nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge, sometimes referred to as the nail body
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| Free edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip
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| Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail
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| Nail bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plates rests upon as it grows out
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| Bed epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed and nail plate (sheets)
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| Cuticle | The small portion of non living epidermis extending around the base of the nail
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| Lunula | Whitish, half moon shape at the base of the nail
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| Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate
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| Nail folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural plate
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| Nail sidewall | Aka Lateral nail fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail
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| Nail grooves | Sits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
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| Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula
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| Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate
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| Agnail | Aka hangnail, is the split Cuticle around the nail
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| Bruised nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma
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| Eggshell nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal
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| Leukonychia | Aka white spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury
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| Melanoychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin, may be in a band or stripe
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| Nail psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail, nail will appear pitted and or have roughness on the surface
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| Nail pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate
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| Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity
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| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail
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| Onychophangy | Bitten nails
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| Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate
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| Ridge | Aka furrow, or corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate
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| Onychomycosis | Aka tinea unguium, is fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as between the toes, which can spread to the toenails
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| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix
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| Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from nail bed
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| Hummerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow
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| Ulna | Inner and larger bone on the outside of the forearm, located on the pinky side
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| Radius | Outer and smaller bone on the inside of the forearm, located on thumb side
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| Carpals | 8 bones that forms wrist
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| Metacarpals | 5 long, thin bones between the wrist and fingers, forming thee palm of the hand
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| Phalanges | Aka digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes
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| Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, aka thigh bone
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| Patella | Technical term for kneecap
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| Tibia | Aka shin bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that forms the lower leg
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| Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle
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| Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down, attached to the lower portion of the heel
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| Micro trauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for entry of pathogens
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| Tibialis anterior | Muscle that covers the shin and bends the foot
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| Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel and bends the foot down
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| Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out
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| Peroneus brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out
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| Tibialis posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward
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| Flexor digiti minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe
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| Monomer | Liquid that mixes with the acrylic powder and binds the acrylic polymers to dorm a nail enhancement
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| Methyl Methacrylate | Aka MMA, type of monomer that is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid compound. MMA polymerization readily and is used especially as a monomer for acrylic resin. It has a small molecule size and can penetrate body tissue or skin and possibly cause an A
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| Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement
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| Polymerization | The chemical reaction, aka curing or hardening, that creates polymers
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| Fabric wraps | Very thin and tightly woven materials such as linen, silk or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips
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| Nail wrap resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip
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| Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | a high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips
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| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate
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| Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling and exhaling
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| Pronator | Turns the arm and hand inward so the palm faces downward
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| Supinator | Turns the forearm and hand outward so the palm faces upward
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| Flexor muscle | Bends a joint
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| ABductor | Spreads fingers and toes
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| ADductor | Pulls the fingers or toes together
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| Opponens | Group of ADductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers
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| Tarsal | 7 bones that forms the ankle
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| Metatarsal | Five long slender bones located between the ankles and the toes
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| Digital nerve | Nerves located in the fingers and toes
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| Median nerve | Smallest of the 3 arm and hand nerves, runs along the mid forearm and extends into the hands
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| Radial nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb said of the arm and the back of the hand
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| Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created
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| Inhibition layer | The tacky, film like layer that forms on top of the nail enhancement
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| Position stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail
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| Stress area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most vulnerable area, accepting everyday wear and tear
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| Primer | Liquid solution containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement
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| Overlay | Any fabric wrap, uv cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and or strengthen the natural nail
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| Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of jus a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a gel like substance
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| Urethane acrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements
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| Urethane methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements
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| Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails
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| Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive
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| Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feets, and head that are linked to other parts of the body
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| Ulnar nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand
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| Radial artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand
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| Ulnar artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of arm and the palm of the hand
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