WGU COURSE #THA4 and #THC4 *Moral Philosophy Key Concepts*
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| What is the definition of Ethics? | Ethics is the study of the moral values and conduct of an individual, group or culture.Ethics is sometimes called moral philosophy.
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| Define Morality. | Morality is the right or wrong of an action, decision, or way of living.
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| Please identify Early Ethical Texts. | Epic of Gilgamesh, Code of Hummurabi, Book of the Dead, Torah.
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| Briefly describe The Epic of Gilgamesh | The Epic of Gilgamesh, a long poem from ancient Mesopotamia (2150 BCE-2000 BCE)recounts legends and myths about the hero-king Gilgamesh. "Destiny is fulfilled by service and fidelity to the duty one is given."
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| Explain Code of Hammurabi | The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest legal codes (circa 1760 BCE), establishedstandards of behavior and listed crimes and their various punishments.
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| Explain Book of the Dead | The Book of the Dead, an early Egyptian text (circa 1600 BCE), described the properconduct needed for a happy afterlife; some historians see it as a precursor to the TenCommandments.
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| Explain Torah. | The Torah comprises the first five books (Genesis; Exodus; Leviticus; Numbers andDeuteronomy) of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh); a theologicalframework for life and an ethical system which consists of the Ten Commandments and 613 mitzvot.
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| Greek Moral Philosopy | Democritus,The Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicureanism, Skepticism, Stoicism, Neoplatonism. Ethics of Virtue.
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| Moral Philosophy of Democritus? | Democritus is the laughing philosopher. He believed happiness stemmed from tempered life of moderation... think hobbits.
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| Moral Philosophy of The Sophists? | Sophists supported relativism as a moral philosophy based on self-interest.(principles dont represent the true nature, because perceptions determine perspectives).
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| Moral Philosophy of Socrates? | Socrates taught that knowledge and virtue are one; Justice can not mean harming others, all humans should strive for good as its our nature, the soul is represented by our conscious personality.
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| Moral Philosophy of Plato? | Plato saw morality as a quest to live by virtues. To regain the FORMS or rather the essense of objects.
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| Moral Philosophy of Aristotle? | Aristotle taught the GOLDEN MEAN. He considered his list of virtues as the mean between extremes. For example, we should have Pride as it relates to positive self esteem, but not arrogance.
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| Define Ethics of Virtue. | Allowing virtue to determine philosophy and actions. This is often criticized by some moral philosophers as inadequate as there is no definition of conduct when several important and conflicting virtues are involved in a given situation.
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| Moral Philosophy of the Epicureans? | The school of epicureans believe that the greatest good comes from the pursuit of pleasure.
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| Moral Philosophy of the Skeptics? | Skepticism maintained that that human knowledge was limited and uncertain.
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| Moral Philosophy of the Stoics? | Stoicism valued courage and acceptance of one's role in life.
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| Define Neoplatonism. | Neoplatonism believedthat salvation could be found in a mystical union with God.
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