Science Quiz Review for Protein Synthesis and Mutations
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the only way mutations be passed on to offspring? | If the mutation is found in the parent's sex cells.
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| What is protein synthesis? | Ribosomes read the genetic codes and assemble (make) the proper proteins.
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| In RNA strands, the base _________ replaces thymine. | Uracil. (remember G goes to C, A goes to U in RNA)
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| How many codes make one amino acid? | 3 bases
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| What is mutation? | a change in the hereditary material of an organism
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| An example of a genetic disorder that happens because you have too many or too few chromosomes. | Downs Syndrome
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| How many amino acids make all proteins in our cell? | 20 different amino acids
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| What does Messenger RNA (mRNA) do for DNA? | mRNA decodes the DNA base sequence and carries the codons to the ribosome.
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| What is messenger RNA (mRNA) responsible for during protein synthesis? | copying the gene and carrying the information out of the nucleus (nuclear membrane).
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| what is the base pair rules when DNA --> mRNA? | C ---> G, T ---> A, A ----> U
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| How is RNA different than DNA? | a single strand, no T but U in the base pair, in moves in and out of nucleus
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| What are protein chains made of? | amino acids
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| A mutation can cause _________________________. | a change (or mutation) in the base sequence and it might produce the wrong protein.
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| Why is the order of the base pairs along a gene important? | it forms a code that tells a cell which protein to make.
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| What are the 3 types of mutation? | substitution, insertion, and deletion
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| What is substitution? | when one base replaces another.
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| What are three types of substitutions? | missense (cause a different amino acid), silent (does not change amino acid or protein), nonsense (make the codon STOP in the wrong place)
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| What is insertion? | an extra base is added. it causes frameshift.
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| What is deletion? | a base is missing. it causes frameshift.
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| What is frameshift? | Causes the mRNA bases to be read in the wrong group of 3. Caused by insertion and deletion.
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| What does AUG in a mRNA sequence tell the ribosome? | START
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| When does transcription happen? | When mRNA decodes a DNA strand
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| When does Translation happen? | when tRNA retrieves (gets) amino acids.
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Created by:
solgarcia
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