(AMS) 3rd 9 Weeks Test Review
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| philosopher | a person who used reason to understand natural events
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| blockade | actions taken to isolate an enemy and cut off its
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| aristocrat | a member of a rich and powerful ruling family
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| Hellenistic | Greek culture and history after the death of Alexander
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| city-state | small, independent nations
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| acropolis | collection of fortified (protected) structures on a hill
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| agora | public markets in the cities of ancient Greece
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| peninsula | an area of land that is surrounded by water on three sides
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| plague | widespread sickness
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| patrician | a wealthy, upper-class person
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| disciple | a follower of a person or belief
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| republic | form of government in which citizens vote for their leader
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| province | a unit of the Roman Empire, ruled by a governor supported by an army
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| aqueduct | structures built to carry water over long distances
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| veto | rejecting or forbidding any planned action or rule by a person in power
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| mercenary | a foreign soldier who serves a nation only for pay
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| plebeian | a social class of ordinary citizens in the ancient Roman Republic
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| inflation | an economic situation in which there is more money, but it has less value
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| Why did Greek communities develop separate customs and beliefs? | geography (mountainous peninsulas and islands) isolated the people
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| What actions occurred during Greece’s Dark Ages? | people relied on word of mouth to keep their traditions alive; many people lived in poverty; people gave up writing
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| The Greeks believed that their gods were immortal. What does this mean? | the gods will live forever
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| What did the Spartan government concentrate its resources on creating? | brave and skillful warriors
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| In what areas did important achievements develop during the Hellenistic period? | science and mathematics
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| What effect did geography have on the communities of Ancient Greece? | made it hard for communities to unify (unite)
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| Why were myths so important to the Greek people? What did they explain? | the creation of the universe and the features of nature
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| What did philosophers believe about the gods? | the gods were not the source of everything
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| One reason people went to the Acropolis was for religious purposes. What purpose of life did the agora fulfill? | public life
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| What event occurred that resulted in the collapse of Athens? | Peloponnesian War
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| What happened to Greece under the leadership of Alexander the Great? | expanded its empire
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| Why was free grain given to the poor by Roman emperors? | to prevent riots when the harvest was poor
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| Once conquered by the Romans, what must people do in order to continue their own cultures/beliefs? | live peacefully and pay taxes
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| What led to Rome’s serious economic problems? | unemployment, high taxes, inflation
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| Why was Rome’s geographic setting so important? | its location was central to the Italian Peninsula and the known Western World
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| How does Roman law affect us today? | it developed ideas of justice that are the basis of our legal system.
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| What happened to the Roman Empire under Constantine’s rule? | gained Christianity as its official religion
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| How were conquered people treated by Roman governors? | left alone by the Roman governors as long as they lived peacefully
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| What led to Constantinople’s wealth? | its location was a natural crossroads of trade
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| Why was Islam so attractive to the people of the Arabian Peninsula? | Islam offered people a way of life in contrast to the oppressive rules of the nearby Byzantine and Persian empires
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| What caused Islam to spread so quickly along the western & southern region of the Mediterranean Basin? | Muslim traders took their religion there
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| How is Islam’s golden age portrayed? | scholars see it as one the most brilliant periods in world history
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| Why did the Byzantine Empire last over 1,000 years? | grew rich from trade
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| Who were the Bedouins? | nomadic people who made their homes in the Arabian desert
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