terms Progressive Politicians
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| In the 1890s, some people referred to the U.S. Senate as the __________ club. Why? | Millionaire's Senator represented shipping and Lumber interests instead of his constituents
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| Direct ________-voters directly chose candidates for general election | primary
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| the ___ amd. Directly elected Senators, not state _______. | 17th officials
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| By 1910, most states had ______ ballot. | secret
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| the _____ gave voters the power to approve or veto a proposed measure | initiative
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| the _______ gave voters the power to approve or veto a proposed measure | referendum
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| the _____ enables voters to remove elected officials | recall
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| the _____ enables voters to remove elected officials | recall
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| Two of the most "good-government" reform mayors were from _____. | Ohio
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| Samuel Jones followed the _____ rule in Toledo | Golden
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| _______ was the mayor of Cleveland | Tom Johnson
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| _______ concluded that voters did not necessarily prefer democracy b/c political machines were more ______ | Lincoln Steffens predictable
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| Many middle classes were afraid that who might gain too much power? | lower classes
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| In 1900, a hurricane in ______, TX created what alternative style city government | Galveston
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| The desire for ___________ led to hiring of city managers | increased efficiency
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| Robert LaFollete was elected governor of ______ in 1900. What ideas did he introduce? | Wisconsin direct primary, increase taxes on railroads & public utilities & create commissions to regulate these companies in the public interest
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| Other reform governors included: _____ of NY, _____ of MS, & _______ of GA | Charles Evans Hughes, James Vardaman, Hoke Smith
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| Why was TR "promoted" to Vice-President? | Progressives wanted him out of state office
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| Unlike Gilded age Presidents, TR believed the president should use the office as a "_________" to speak on vital issues. | bully pulpit
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| In 1902, TR forced both sides to _____ in the coal strike. | arbitration
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| Explain the Square Deal | limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions.
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| In 1902, what was the first trust that TR busted? | Northern Securities Company
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| In all, how many trusts did TR go after? How did he differentiate b/w good and bad trusts? | 44 misconduct, not wealth
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| The Elkins Act [1903] and the Hepburn Act [1906] strengthened the ___________ commission. | Interstate Commerce
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| Upton Sinclair's [1906] book, ________, led to the _____ Inspection Act & the Pure ____ and ____ Act. | The Jungle Meat Food Drug
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| TR's most enduring legacy is probably the ______ movement. Who came up with the term? | conservation Gifford Rinchot
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| Name some of TR's environmental actions. | National Park service, Grand Canyon, Petrified Forest in Arizona
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| Even some big business leaders acknowledged that taking care of the environment was a "means to the end of ______ justice." | economic
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| Who did Taft defeat in 1908? | William Jennings Bryan
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| How was Taft unlike TR? | he didn't enjoy being in the public eye
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| Taft was intelligent, but _______ | cautious
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| He busted over ___ trusts. | 90
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| The Mann-Elkins Act [1910] extended the power of? | Interstate Commerce commission
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| The Taft Administration also pushed for the ___ amd. | 16th
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| What caused a rift b/w Taft and TR? | bill on tariffs
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| In 1910, TR campaigned on behalf of _______ who opposed Taft in what elections? | Progressive republicans 1910
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| TR proposed a New Program called "New ______". He said government must become the ______ of the public welfare. | Nationalism Steward
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| The "Uncle Joe" _____ debate of 1910 divided the ________ more. | Cannon Republican party
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| _______ from Nebraska led the progressive end of the party. | George Norris
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| TR challenged Taft at the Republican _____, but lost. | nomination
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| TR joined the new Party called the ________. It was also called the "____ ____" party | Progressive party Bull Moose
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| Woodtrow Wilson, from ______, capitalized on the TR/TAFT split. | New Jersey
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| What was Wilson's background? | Professor of political science at Princeton University
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| In 1912, what was his slogan called? What did it call for? | New Freedom helps small businesses
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| How did Wilson differ from TR? | more conservative viewpoint
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| Who ran for the Socialists in 1912? | Eugene Debs
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| Discuss the outcome & data from the election of 1912. | Wilson won w/ a strong call for reform
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| What new "progressive" cabinet position did Wilson appoint? | Secretary of Labor
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| Wilson's first priority was to lower ______. | Tariffs
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| He did so when Congress passed the ______ of 1913 that set up a three-tiered system. To make up for lost revenue, it included a provision for a ______ tax. | Underwood Tariff Act graduated income
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| Wilson's 2nd priority was ______ reform. | banking
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| He helped draft the _________ of 1913 that set up a three-tiered system. | Federal Reserve Act
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| After these accomplishments, Wilson turned to greater ______ regulation. | business
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| the ______ anti-trust act of 1914 clarified and extended the _______ Act of 1890. | Clayton Sherman Anti-trust
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| The ______ _____ Commission was also created in 1914 to investigate corporations | Federal Trade
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| The ______ act gave RR workers an 8 hour day. | Adamson
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| The _______ act of 1916 outlawed the interstate sale of products produced by child labor. | Keating-owen Child Labor
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| What groups strongly opposed female suffrage? | NAWSA NWP
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| What was NAWSA? | National American Woman Suffrage Association
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| What region of the nation had granted female suffrage first? | western
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| In 1914, who broke awak from NAWSA? | Alice Paul
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| What was the National woman's Party Strategy? | national
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| Who revitalized NAWSA? | Carrie Chapman Catt
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| How did WWI help the female suffrage movement? | lent strong support to the war effort
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| What amendment granted female suffrage? When? | 19th in 1920
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| State two reasons why Progressive reforms were limited. | reforms primarily used at the local level business regulations fell short of remaking the capitalist system
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