Axial Skeleton and Basic Bone Info
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| What cell assists in the building and formation of bones? | Osteoblasts
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| What cell assists in breaking down and cleaning bone? | Osteoclasts
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| What are the two different types of bone? | Compact or Dense and Spongy or Cancellous
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| What is the long hard section of a bone and What type of bone is it consisted of? | Diaphysis, Compact or dense bone
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| What are the proximal and distal ends of a bone and what type of bone are they consisted of? | Epiphysis, Spongy or Cancellous bone
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| What are the Functions of the skeletal system? | Supports the Body
Protects the Body
Produces red blood cells
Stores Calcium
Provides attachment sites
Stores Energy
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| What are characteristics of the Epiphysis? | Proximal and Distal ends of a bone
Spongy or Cancellous bone
Contains Red Marrow
Produces Red Blood Cells
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| What is Hemo or Hematopoiesis? | The production of Red Blood Cells
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| What are characteristics of the Diaphysis | Main part of the bone (Shaft)
Dense or Compact Bone
Contains Yellow Marrow
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| What is the Ephipyseal Plate/Line? | A section of the bone that was once held together by cartilage and becomes the ephiphyseal line when a person stops growing.
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| What are the Landmarks of the Diaphysis? | Medulary Cavity - Inside of the bone where lipids are stored
Periosteum - Silky fiber that covers entire bone except articular cartilage
Articular Cartilage - Smooth cartilage that keeps joints moving
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| What are the 5 Cranial Bones? | Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid (Ethmoid can also be considered cranial bone)
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| What are the landmarks of the Temporal Bone? | Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Mastoid Process - Just Behind Ear
Styloid Process - Just Behind Ear in "groove"
External Auditory Meatus - "Ear Hole"
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| What are the landmarks of the Occipital Bone? | Foramen Magnum - Hole in posterior inferior skull where spine comes into the brain stem
Occipital Condyles - Posterior Occiput articulates to C1
External Occipital Protuberance - "bump" at the back of the head
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| What are the landmarks of the Sphenoid Bone? | Ptyergoid Process or Plate - Close to TMJ Teragoid Medialis attachment site
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| What are the 4 sinus'? | Frontal Sinus, Sphenoid Sinus, Ehtmoid Sinus, Maxillary Sinus
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| What are the Facial Bones? | Zygomatic- Cheek Bone
Palatine - Roof of Mouth
Maxilla - Upper Jaw
Mandible - Lower Jaw
Hyoid - Bone in throat
Ehtmoid - Bone on each side of nose
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| Landmark of Zygomatic Bone? | Zygomatic Arch
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| What are the landmarks of the Mandible? | Mandibular Angle
Mandibular Condyle (helps form TMJ)
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| How many Spinal Curves are there? | 4
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| What is the Spine Consisted of? (Sections and Number of vertebrae) | 7 Cervical Vertebrae (C-Spine)
12 Thorax Vertebrae (T-Spine)
5 Lumbar Vertebrae (L-Spine)
1 Sacrum (4 Give or Take Fused together)
1 Coccyx (about 4 fused together)
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| What is the name for the first cervical Vertebrae? | C-1 or Atlus
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| What movement occurs at C-1 | Up and Down Movement
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| Where does C-1 attach and what joint forms there? | Attatches to Occipital Condyles forms the Occipital-Atlantal joint (OA Joint)
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| What is the name for the second Cervical Vertebra? | C-2 Or Axis
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| What joint is made up at the articulation of C-1 and C-2? | Axial Atlantal Joint (AA Joint)
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| What movement does the AA joint provide? | Rotation and Side to Side Movement
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| What makes up the medial and lateral sacral crest? | Middle Processes and a set of process on each side of the sacrum
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| What is the Main section of a vertebra? | Vertebral body
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| What is the large hole in the center of a vertebra and what passes through it? | Intervertebral or Neural Foramen the Spinal Cord passes through it
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| What are the two small holes on each side of each vertebra and what passes through it? | Intervertebral Foramen nerves branching off spinal cord run through them
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| What provides attachment for the transverse processes? | The Pedicle
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| What is the smooth surface that provides attachment for the spinous process and what else does it provide? | The Lamina it provides the Lamina Groove
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| What are the slender protrusions on each lateral aspect of each vertebra? | Transverse Processes
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| What are the sharp slender protrusions of the posterior aspect of each vertebra? | Spinous Process
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| The transverse processes of the cervical spine each have this? | An anterior and posterior tubercle
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| When two vertebra come together they form what joint? What landmark provides this joint? | Forms the "Z" Joint
Vertebral Facet provides the joint
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| What are two important landmarks of C-1? | Atlantal Condyles
Odontoid Process or Dens (Anterior Aspect)
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| What additional joint can be found at the sacrum? | Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)
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| Where is C-7? | Base of the cervical spine just before the large T-1. (can be palpated by flexing placing fingers at base of C-spine and extending, c-1 should disappear, if it doesn't you are on T-1!!)
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| What is the cushion between each vertebra? | Intervertebral Disk
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| What makes up the inside of each intervertebral disk? | Nucleus Pulposa or Pulposus
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| What makes up the outside of each intervertebral disk? | Annulus Fibrosa or Fibrosus
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| What is the Notch at the superior aspect of the Sternum? | Suprasternal or Jugular Notch
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| What is the superior aspect of the Sternum? | Manubrium
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| What is the middle and main section of the Sternum? | Body
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| what is the sharp process at the end of the Sternum? | Xiphoid Process
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| How many Ribs are there? | 12
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| How many true ribs are there? | 7
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| How many false ribs are there? | 3
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| How many floating ribs are there? | 2
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| Describe a true rib. | One of the first 7 ribs where each end of the ribs have full attachment at both the vertebra and sternum.
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| Describe a false rib. | Ribs 8-10 where each rib has its own posterior attachment but shares costal cartilage with another rib at the anterior attachment.
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| Describe a floating Rib. | Ribs 11 and 12 that only have a posterior attachment and no anterior attachment
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| What is special about the Hyoid bone? | It does not articulate with any other bone but is held with muscle and ligaments
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| A posterior rib attachment spans how many vertebrae? | 2
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| What forms at the first rib attachment site at the posterior aspect? | Costotransverse Joint
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| What is the first posterior attachment site for each rib? | Transverse Process
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| What is the second posterior attachment site for each rib? | Intervertebral Disk
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| What forms at the second rib posterior attachment site? | Costovertebral Joint or Rib Facet
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| What is the lateral joint of the clavicle? | Acromioclavicular Joint
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| What is the medial joint of the clavicle | Sternoclavicular Joint
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