Chapter 7 - Standard Esthetics
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| active | electrode used on the area to be treated
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| alternating current (AC) | rapid and interrupted current
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| amp (A) | also ampere, unit that measures the amount of an electric current
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| alternating current (AC) | current flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
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| anaphoresis | process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole
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| anode (+) | positive electrode
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| blue light | therapeutic light that should be used only on oily skin that is bare
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| blue light | light that contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits
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| cataphoresis | process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole
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| cathode (-) | negative electrode
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| circuit breaker | switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload
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| complete circuit | the path of an electric current from the generation source through conductors and back to its original source
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| conductor | any substance, material, or medium that easily transmits electricity
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| converter | apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
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| desincrustation | the use of galvanic current to create an alkaline chemical reaction that emulsifies or liquefies sebum and debris
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| direct current (DC) | constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only
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| electric current | flow of electricity along a conductor
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| electricity | form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects
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| electricity | a flow of electrons
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| electrode | applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the clients's skin
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| electromagnetic radiation | energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
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| electromagnetic radiation | also called radiant energy because it carries, or radiates energy through space on waves
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| radiant energy | also called electromagnetic radiation, energy in the form of electromagnetic waves; carries, or radiates energy through space on waves
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| electrotherapy | the use of electrical devices for therapeutic benefits
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| faradic current | alternating and interrupted current that produces a mechanical reation without a chemical effect
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| faradic current generator | used for stimulation of muscles and nerves of a body
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| fuse | special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
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| galvanic current | a constant and direct current (DC)
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| galvanic current | uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical changes of desincrustation, an iontophoresis
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| inactive | opposite pole from the active electrode
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| infrared rays | invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light
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| insulator | substance that does not easily transmit electricity
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| nonconductor | also insulator,substance that does not easily transmit electricity
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| iontophoresis | also ionization, process of introducing water-soluable products into the skin by using electric current
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| ionization | also iontophoresis, process of introducing water-soluable products into the skin by using electric current such as that from the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
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| kilowatt (K) | 1,000 watts
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| laser | acronym for LIGHT AMPLIFICATION STIMULATION EMISSION OF RADIATION
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| laser | a medical device used for hair removal and skin treatments
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| light therapy | the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal
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| microcurrent | a device that mimics the body's natural electrical energy to reeducate and tone facial muscles
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| microcurrent | improves circulation and increases collagen and elastin production
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| milliampere | one-thousandth of an ampere
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| ampere (A) | also amp, it is the measurement of the number of electrons passing through a given point in one second intervals
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| ampere (A) | also amp, a unit of electric current, or amount of electric charge per unit time
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| modalities | currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments
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| sensory modality | or stimulus modality, one aspect of a stimulus
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| modalities | temperature, taste, sound, pressure
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| sensory modality | the type of sensory receptor activated by a stimulus, plays the primary role in coding the stimulus modality
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| ohm (O) | unit that measures the resistance of an electric current
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| ohm (symbol: Ω) | unit of electrical impedance or, in the direct current case, electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm
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| electrical impedance | or simply impedance, describes a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal alternating current (AC)
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| phototherapy | also light therapy, a form of treatment used for various skin contitions using artificial light wavelengths from the ultraviolet (blue light); part of the sun's spectrum
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| ultraviolet light | causes progressive damage to human skin; is mediated by genetic damage, collagen damage, as well as destruction of vitamin A and vitamin C in the skin and free radical generation
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| photothermolysis | process by which light from a laser is turned into heat
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| plug | two- or three-pronged connector at the end of an electrical cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet
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| polarity | negative or positive pole of an electric current
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| rectifier | apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current
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| red light | therapeutic light used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams
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| red light | light that penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat
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| sinusoidal current | alternating current similar to faradic current
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| sinusoidal current | current that produces mechanical contractions and is used during scalp and facial manipulations
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| Tesla high-frequency current | thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration
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| Tesla high-frequency current | also called violet ray
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| ultraviolet (UV) rays | invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays; produce chemical effects, and kill germs
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| ultraviolet rays | also called cold rays or actinic rays
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| visible light | the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments
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| volt(V) | unit that measures the pressure of force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor
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| watt (W) | measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second
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| wavelength | distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
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| white light | referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all the visible rays of the spectrum
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| Sinusoidal current is best suited for what type of client? | nervous
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| What are the benefits of sinusoidal current? | supplies greater stimulation,deeper penetration and is less irritating than faradic current; soothes nerves and penetrates into deeper muscle tissue
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| microcurrent | an extremely low level of electricity current that mirror's the body's own natural electrical impulses
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| microcurrent | current that mimicks the way the brain relays messages to the muscles
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| microcurrent | current that has no chemical effect, is exercise for the muscle
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| describe direct surface application | the esthetician holds the handpiece, where the glass electrode is inserted, and applies it directly to the client's skin, moving it slowly over the entire face for stimulation
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| describe indirect application | the client holds the tube electrode (with metal coil inside) while the esthetician massages the face with her hands.
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| indirect | at no time should the esthetician hold the electrode during this type of application
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| contraindications for electrotherapy | pacemaker/heart conditions; epilepsy; open cuts, sores, pustular acne, abrasions; diabetes; metal dental/facial implants, braces, pins, plates; prenancy; dilated capillaries;recent laser resurfacing or chemical peel; client uses Accutane/retinoid products
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| the energy of electromagnetic waves | radiant energy
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| the entire range of wavelenghts of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy) | electromagnetic spectrum
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| invisible rays make up _____ % of natural sunlight | 65
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| wavelength | the distance between two successive peaks or waves
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| ultraviolet (UV) rays make up _____% of natural sunlight | 5
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| ultraviolet light therapy | increases the elimination of waste products; improves the flow of blood and lymph; has a germicidal and antibactreial effect; produces vitamin D in the skin; can be used to treat rickets, psoriasis, and acne
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| infrared light therapy | heats and relaxes the skin; dialates blood vessels and increases circulation; produces chemical changes; increases metabolism; increases production of perspiration and oil; deep penetration relieves pain in sore muscles; soothes nerves
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| white light therapy | relieves pain in the back of the neck and shoulders; produces some chemical and germicidal effects; relaxes muscles
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| blue light therapy | soothes nerves; improves acne; improves skin tone; provides some chemical and germicidal effects; used for mild cases of skin eruptions; produces little heat
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| red light therapy | improves dry, scaly, wrinkled skin; increases rate of collagen building; relaxes muscles; penetrates the deepest; produces the most heat
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| which machine has a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of occillation or vibration? | high-frequency
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| blue light | light therapy that should be used on oily skin only
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| red light | light therapy that is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams
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| light-emitting diode | LED
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| LED | can be blue, red, yellow or green light
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| LED | works by releasing flashing light onto the skin to simulate specific responses
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| intense pulse light | this uses a broad spectrum of focused light to treat spider veins and brown spots (hyperpigmentation)
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