~HONS~ study cards for Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities
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| Used by Ghandi & MLK, this is the belief and practice of working actively for political social change without using violence | NON VIOLENCE
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| in order to receive the benefits of society a citizen enters into a _______________ contract, in which they give up some rights to gain protections | SOCIAL
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| A type of civil disobedience in which people protest by sitting down in a place, and refusing to leave. Blacks sat at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to move unless served | SIT IN
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| An organized refusal to buy something or participate in an event as a protest | BOYCOTT
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| When a person or group intentionally breaks a law that they perceive to be unjust as a form of protest against the law | CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
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| Form of civil disobedience Used during civil rights mvmt White and black passengers sat desegregated on a bus that traveled around the nation to challenge public transportation segregation | FREEDOM RIDE
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| The 6 main justifications government gives for limiting individual rights | 1. Clear and Present Danger
2. Libel and Slander
3. Compelling government interest
4. Clear and Present Danger
5. National Security
6. Public Saftey
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| philosopher who argued that social contract means sometimes ind. rights have to be limited to protect the rights/good of the community | JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU
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| Women trying to gain the right to vote was won in the 1920s with the passage of the 19th amendment | Women’s Suffrage
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| Civil Disobedience in Women’s Suffrage Movement | In1872 Susan B. Anthony was arrested for illegally leading women to vote in NY. Anthony claimed right to vote as a citizen and refused to pay fines and was sent to jail.
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| The Civil Rights Movement | Movement for equality led by African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s fought against segregation discrimination and inequality
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| Brown v. Board of Ed | Landmark U.S. Supreme Court case 1954 that overturned the “separate but equal” Plessey v. Ferguson ruling and ordered racially segregated public schools to be integrated
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| Montgomery bus boycott | Civil rights fight to desegregate busses in 1955-56. Black leaders began a boycott of the cities public buses, includes Rosa Parks
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| Non Violence- Non-Cooperation | During the Civil Rights movement. AA leaders faced mob violence and imprisonment yet despite threats to their individual freedom, Civil Rights leaders demonstrated against racial segregation.
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| March on Washington | in 1963 Civil rights leaders called for a March on Washington to get congress to enact a civil rights bill. MLK delivered his “I Have a Dream” for full equality
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| Women’s Liberation Movement | A campaign that bean in the 1960s aimed at attaining equal rights for women including - equal pay for equal work and birth control rights.
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| Counter-Culture of 1960s | Young people who challenged the traditional values of mainstream America. Used many methods to change government and they succeeded
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| Methods used by the Counter-Culture Movement | Demonstration – joining together for common cause. Boycotting, Protesting, Civil disobedience – ranging from public use of drugs to burning draft cards in opposition to the Vietnam war
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| Draft | a system that requires a citizen to join their country’s armed forces.
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| Draft Card Burning | a method of Civil Disobedience used during the Vietnam War by those men who perceived the war and their forced participation in it as illegal
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| Conscientious Objector | Typically a pacifist – or non violent person - who has been called to war (draft) but appears before a committee to express personal opposition to either the specific war, or wars in general.
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| Suffrage | The Right to vote
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| Individual Rights | Privileges to which a single person is entitled to and it is the government’s duty to protect
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| Common Good | That which is in the best interest of all members of a group (or in a nation – all of its citizens)
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| Compelling Government Interest definition | restriction on individual rights when doing so clearly is in the interest of the government to protect the good of the whole.
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| Compelling government interest examples | 1.Censorship of cussing during certain hours
2.Eminent domain – govt can take private lands for public interest
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| Libel and Slander | Free speech is not protected if it is a lie
that can hurt another person’s life (career,
marriage, etc). Called defamation laws
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| Slander | spoken lies - not protected free speech
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| Libel | written lies - not protected free speech
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| National Security | limits on rights in crisis or when fear for national security
- security of nation may require limiting
individual rights in order to protect the
good of the entire nation
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| Historical Examples of National Security | 1.Red Scare – Palmer Raids on suspected communists
2.WWII - Japanese Internment to prevent espionage
3. 9/11 – USA Patriot Act
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| Clear & Present Danger | Any speech that causes danger is not protected. Cannot yell “fire” in a movie theatre
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| Charles Schenck | Free speech was limited in WWI for passing out pamphlets' encouraging men to resist joining military b/c this was seen as a threat to national security
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| Public Safety | Govt can limit rights to protect the good of public safety – evacuating an area during natural disaster, implementing a curfew for teens
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