**Pulju's OGT study cards for Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities
Question
Answer
Used by Ghandi & MLK, this is the belief and practice of working actively for political social change without using violence
NON VIOLENCE
in order to receive the benefits of society a citizen enters into a _______________ contract, in which they give up some rights to gain protections
SOCIAL
A type of civil disobedience in which people protest by sitting down in a place, and refusing to leave. Blacks sat at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to move unless served
SIT IN
An organized refusal to buy something or participate in an event as a protest
BOYCOTT
When a person or group intentionally breaks a law that they perceive to be unjust as a form of protest against the law
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Form of civil disobedience
Used during civil rights mvmt
White and black passengers sat desegregated on a bus that traveled around the nation
to challenge public transportation segregation
FREEDOM RIDE
The 6 main justifications government gives for limiting individual rights
1. Clear and Present Danger
2. Libel and Slander
3. Compelling government interest
4. Clear and Present Danger
5. National Security
6. Public Saftey
philosopher who argued that social contract means sometimes ind. rights have to be limited to protect the rights/good of the community
JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU
Women trying to gain the right to vote was won in the 1920s with the passage of the 19th amendment
Women’s Suffrage
Civil Disobedience in Women’s Suffrage Movement
In1872 Susan B. Anthony was arrested for illegally leading women to vote in NY. Anthony claimed right to vote as a citizen and refused to pay fines and was sent to jail.
The Civil Rights Movement
Movement for equality led by African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s fought against segregation discrimination and inequality
Brown v. Board of Ed
Landmark U.S. Supreme Court case 1954 that overturned the “separate but equal” Plessey v. Ferguson ruling and ordered racially segregated public schools to be integrated
Montgomery bus boycott
Civil rights fight to desegregate busses in 1955-56. Black leaders began a boycott of the cities public buses, includes Rosa Parks
Non Violence- Non-Cooperation
During the Civil Rights movement. AA leaders faced mob violence and imprisonment yet despite threats to their individual freedom, Civil Rights leaders demonstrated against racial segregation.
March on Washington
in 1963 Civil rights leaders called for a March on Washington to get congress to enact a civil rights bill. MLK delivered his “I Have a Dream” for full equality
Women’s Liberation Movement
A campaign that bean in the 1960s aimed at attaining equal rights for women including - equal pay for equal work and birth control rights.
Counter-Culture of 1960s
Young people who challenged the traditional values of mainstream America. Used many methods to change government and they succeeded
Methods used by the Counter-Culture Movement
Demonstration – joining together for common cause. Boycotting, Protesting, Civil disobedience – ranging from public use of drugs to burning draft cards in opposition to the Vietnam war
Draft
a system that requires a citizen to join their country’s armed forces.
Draft Card Burning
a method of Civil Disobedience used during the Vietnam War by those men who perceived the war and their forced participation in it as illegal
Conscientious Objector
Typically a pacifist – or non violent person - who has been called to war (draft) but appears before a committee to express personal opposition to either the specific war, or wars in general.
Suffrage
The Right to vote
Individual Rights
Privileges to which a single person is entitled to and it is the government’s duty to protect
Common Good
That which is in the best interest of all members of a group (or in a nation – all of its citizens)
Compelling Government Interest definition
restriction on individual rights when doing so clearly is in the interest of the government to protect the good of the whole.
Compelling government interest examples
1.Censorship of cussing during certain hours
2.Eminent domain – govt can take private lands for public interest
Libel and Slander
Free speech is not protected if it is a lie
that can hurt another person’s life (career,
marriage, etc). Called defamation laws
Slander
spoken lies - not protected free speech
Libel
written lies - not protected free speech
National Security
limits on rights in crisis or when fear for national security
- security of nation may require limiting
individual rights in order to protect the
good of the entire nation
Historical Examples of National Security
1.Red Scare – Palmer Raids on suspected communists
2.WWII - Japanese Internment to prevent espionage
3. 9/11 – USA Patriot Act
Clear & Present Danger
Any speech that causes danger is not protected. Cannot yell “fire” in a movie theatre
Charles Schenck
Free speech was limited in WWI for passing out pamphlets' encouraging men to resist joining military b/c this was seen as a threat to national security
Public Safety
Govt can limit rights to protect the good of public safety – evacuating an area during natural disaster, implementing a curfew for teens
mr. charles11
