weather unit vocab
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| Atmosphere | the mixture of gasses that sorounds the air
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| Air pressure | the measure of the force with which particles in the air push on an area of a surface
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| troposphere | lowest layer of the atmosphere
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| stratosphere | layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
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| mesosphere | layer above the stratosphere
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| ionosphere | layer above the mesosphere
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| exosphere | layer above the ionosphere
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| thermosphere | outermost layer of the atmosphere
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| ozone layer | the area of the stratosphere with lots of ozone
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| greenhouse effect | when gasses in the atmosphere absorb and give off infared radiation
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| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
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| thermal energy | total kinetic energy of particles
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| thermal expansion | the increase in volume that results from an increase in temperature
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| heat | the energy that is transferred between two objects that are at different temperatures
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| radiation | the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
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| convection | the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter
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| conduction | the transfer of energy through direct contact
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| wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
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| Coriolis effect | the apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to earth's rotation.
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| jet stream | narrow belts of high speed winds that blow west to east, between 7 km and 16 km above earths surface
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| local wind | the movement of air over short distances
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| sea breeze | a cool breeze coming off the sea
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| land breeze | when wind blows from the land to the water
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| mountain breeze | when wind goes down into a valley
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| valley breeze | when a breeze goes out from a valley
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| global wind | pressure belts every 30 degrees of latitude and the Coriolis effect produces patterns of calm areas of wind
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| trade wind | this brings cold air to warmer parts
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| westerlies | wind travelling from west to east
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| plolar easterlies | wind travelling from east to west in the polar region
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| doldrum | trade winds from both hemispheres
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| horse latitudes | when air stops moving and sinks
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| weather | the condition of earth's atmosphere at a given time and place
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| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air
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| relative humidity | the water vapor in the air compared to the needed water vapor to reach saturation
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| dew point | when more condensation than evaporation occures
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| precipitation | ant form of water that falls to earth
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| cirrus | cloud forming wispy streaks at low altitude
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| cumulus | a cloud forming surrounded masses heaped on each other at a low altitude
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| stratus | a cloud forming a continuous horizontal gray sheet, often with rain or snow
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| air pressure (density) | force of air's molecules pushing on an area
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| high pressure system | a condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is above average
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| low pressure system | when the pressure is below average
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| air mass | a body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure
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| front | the boundary between two air masses that have different temperatures or humidity
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| warm front | when warm air masses follows a warm air mass
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| cold front | when cold air pushes warm air up
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| stationary front | when a warm/cold front stays still
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| occulded | to force air upward from earths surface
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| evaporation | when liquid water turns into water vapor
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| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid
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| runoff | streams, rivers, and the water that flows over land
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