Powders 1 - DDS II
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| Using ___________ rather than __________ decreases the rate of solution and prevents uncontrollable effervescence. | Granules; powders
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| Benzoic acids is a(n) ______________. | Antifungal
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| Powders to be dissolved in water include: | Antacids and laxatives, Dietary/food supplement, Douche powders
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| When oxidizing agents are triturated in a mortar with a reducing agent, what may occur? | A violent explosion
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| What are prepared aggregates of powdered materials, forming larger particle (2-4 mm) called? | Granules
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| Compared to powders, what kind of flow properties do granules have? | Good flow properties?
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| What type of containers should be used for powders? | Glass or plastic containers
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| A desirable property of a powder is that it should be ___________ and should easily __________ on the surface of the skin. | Free flowing; spread
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| Why are oral antibiotics prepared in powder or granules? | For stability
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| Which will have a faster onset, a tablet or a powder? | Powder
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| What method is used to reduce the particle size of insoluble materials when compounding ointments and suspensions? | Levigation
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| Salicylate is a(n) ______________. | Keratolytic
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| A dry mixture of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid is what kind of granule? | Effervescent
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| Chartule is an example of ______________. | Divided powders
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| Insufflators are used for ______________. | Delivering a stream of powder
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| Particle size of a powder has an influence on what (5 items)? | Dissolution rate; Suspendability or rate of settling; Uniform distribution; Penetrability of powders in inhalation solutions; Topical preparations
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| Powders used to clean the teeth are called ___________. | Dentifrices
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| Substances which become powdery and liberate their water of crystallization are called ______________. | Efflorescent
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| What kind of powders are intended for topical use? | Dusting powders
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| Why do powders have a faster onset of therapeutic benefit? | Disintegration is not required
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| Substances which absorb moisture from the air to the extent that they liquefy by partially or wholly forming solution are called ___________. | Deliquescent
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| The process of particle size reduction is called ____________. | Comminution
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| The most common acids used for effervescent granules are ________ (4). | Citric acid, Tartaric acid, Malic acid, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
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| What is liberated from a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid when the mixture is added to water? | Carbon dioxide
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| How can the problem of an efflorescent powder becoming pasty due to liberation of water be overcome? | By using the corresponding anhydrous salt.
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| How is an eutectic mixture recognized? | By the liquefaction of two or more substances upon admixture
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| How can the formation of an eutectic mixture be avoided when dispensing components that will form a euctectic mixture? | By taking one powder of each kind as a dose
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| How is the bioavailability of a powder enhanced? | By reducing particle size
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| How are granules prepared? | By moistening the desired powder and passing through desired sieves, then dried.
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| In what three forms can powders be prepared? | Bulk powders, divided powders, or granules
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| Antacids would be an example of a(n) ______________ (divided powder / bulk powder). | Bulk powder
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| How can oxidizing agents be mixed with reducing agents without causing a violent explosion? | Both substances should be triturated separately and then combined with other ingredients and gently mixed
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| Zinc oxide is a(n) ___________ and a(n) _________. | Astringent, adsorbent
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| An intimate mixture of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals that are intended for internal or external use describes a __________. | Powder
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| A unifrom sedimentation rate if the powder is used in a suspension is an advantage of ___________. | Uniform particle size
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| Calcium carbonate is a(n) ___________ and a(n) _________. | Astringent, adsorbent
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| Camphor is a(n) _______________. | Antipruritic
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| What size sieve range are granules usually in? | 4-12 sieve size
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| Once an oral antibiotic is reconstituted, what is its shelf life? | 1-2 weeks
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| When citric acid and tartaric acid are used in combination in an effervescent granule, what ration is used? | 1:2 (citric acid:tartaric acid)
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| What are the advantages of a uniform particle size? | 1. Insures a uniform dissolution rate for dissolving; 2. Inures a uniform sedimentation rate if used in suspension; 3. Minimal stratification when powders are stored or transported.
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| What is the general range of sizes for a powder? | 0.1 to 10 micron in size
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| What are two requirements for dusting powders? | (1) Must be homogenous, and (2) must be free from potential local irritation
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| Define absorptive. | The uptake of liquid into the fibers of a substance.
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| What can happen if the particles size distribution of a powder is not uniform? | The powder can segregate according to the different particle sizes which may result in inaccurate dosing or inconsistent performance.
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| The fact that it can be administered easily to infants and young children who cannot swallow tablets or capsules is an advantage of _________. | Powders
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