L21-39 KeyTerms&Pple
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Umayyads | a dynasty that ruled for 90 years
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Berbers | people that lived in Northern Africa that converted to Islam and helped the empire move forward
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Visigoths | a catholic member of the Goths
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Charles Martel | Attacked the Muslims with his army of Franks
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Franks | French
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jizya | a head tax Christians and Jews had to pay
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Talmud | the collection of Jewish law and tradition
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bureaucracy | many different departments managed by workers appointed by the caliph or his representatives
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zakat | 2.5 percent charity tax paid by Muslims
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emir | governors appointed directly by the caliph
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rabbi | a Jewish teacher
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synagogue | a Jewish temple
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Torah | the Jewish Bible
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Arabic | the Arab language
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Abd al Malik | a Muslim caliph that helped shape an influential Muslim culture:
UMAYYAD CALIPH
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Abd al Rahman | founder of Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba
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Abbasids | family able to gain control of the Muslim Empire in the east
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Baghdad | the new capital of the Muslim Empire
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corriander | a plant used for medicinal powers
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calligraphy | the art of fine handwriting; such as that practiced in Muslim art and writing
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Tigris and Euphrates | rivers around Baghdad
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algebra | a type of mathematics named after one of al Khwarizmi's books al jabr
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House of Wisdom | a school in Baghdad
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Mesopotamia | a country between two rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) that held the new Muslim capital
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factions | opposing groups
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arabesque | floral designs
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Caliph al Ma'mun | founded the "House of Wisdom"
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Avicenna | Ibn Sina: a leading Abbasid figure of medicine
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Turks | people from Central Asia
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ar-Razi | a Persian-born physician that wrote the first accurate description of smallpox and measels
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Seljuk | a warrior
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Abu Jafar al Mansur | moved the capital of the Muslim Empire from Damascus to Baghdad
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al Khwarizmi | famous Abbasid mathematician
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Fatimids | the descendants of Muhammad's daughter Fatima
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Cordoba | ancient Roman City
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Ladino | the Saphardic language
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Great Mosque | The third largest mosque in the world
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Aragon and Castille | the combined kingdoms of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
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Sephardic | a Jewish-Spanish culture
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legacy | gift
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Reconquest | when Christians took over part of Spain
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Abd al Rahman III | The first Umayyad ruler of Spain
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Abbas ibn Firnas | the first visiting scholar that came to teach music but began to explore the mechanics of flight
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Moses Maimomides | a famous writer of Muslim Spain
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Ferdinand and Isabella | the people that reconquered Spain and expelled Jews
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Sahara | a desert in North Africa
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Niger River | a river in W Africa, rising in S Guinea, flowing NE through Mali, and then SE through Nigeria into the Gulf of Guinea
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savanna | a region of grasslands containing scattered trees and vegetation
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Jenne-jeno | a city located in the country of Mali
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sahel | a region known as "shore of the desert"
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Nok | a city in present day Nigeria; The first West Africans to make iron
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Senegal River | helped communication and transport in Ghana
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Ghana Wangara | a part of Ghana with fields of gold
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Mali | a country in West Africa
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Koumbi Maghreb | a region ruled by the Berbers
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matrilineal | throne given to nephew from sister
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patrilineal | the throne given from father to son
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Soninke Mandinke | people who descend from the Bafour and are closely related to the Imraguen of Mauritania
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Almoravids | were a Berber dynasty of Morocco
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Sanhaja Tuareg | one of the largest Berber tribal confederations of the Maghreb
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Sumanguru | a king of Ghana, Africa
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griot | an African storyteller
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Timbuktu | a city in Africa; another trade center
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Niana | Mali's capital
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Gao | a city along the Niger River, the capital of the new Songhai Empire
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Sundiata | a king of Mali, Africa
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Mansa Musa | Mali's greatest ruler
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Ibn Battuta | a north-African writer
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Askia Muhammad | overthrew Sunni Ali's son and became king of the Songhai Empire, named Islam state religion
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Songhai | a new empire out of Mali ruled by Sunni Ali
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Sunni Ali | the first king of the Songhai Empire
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Judar Pasha | Muslim Spaniard that took people into battle to conquer Songhai
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millet | a wheat like grain
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diviners | helped people interact with gods; communicated with the spirit world; had healing powers
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clan | a group of close-knit and interrelated families
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sorghum | a kind of grain; Sorghum is a genus of plants in the grass family
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kinship | blood relationship
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cassava | the starchy tuberous root of a tropical tree, used as food in tropical countries but requiring careful preparation to remove traces of cyanide from the flesh.
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indigenous | native
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ancestor worship | a way to honor relatives that they believe spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living.
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manioc | another term for cassava.
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ethnolinguistics | the study of various people through their languages
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anopheles mosquito | causes malaria breeds in areas with standing water
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tsetse fly | flies that could infect both humans and cattle with a fatal illness.
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migrated Bantu | people from a village in Africa that moved to resettle
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Khoikhoi | a non-Bantu people whose language sounds like a series of clicks; herd cattle
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San | a non-Bantu people whose language sounds like a series of clicks; forced out of normal hunting grounds
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