Chapter 1-2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is a virus? | a tiny particle that contains nucleic acid encased in protein
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| What is nucleic acid? | organic compounds that contain genetic information for an organism to make the protein it needs
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| What is an electron microscope? | uses a beam of electrons to detect objects....... can detect very small objects
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| List 3 reasons why viruses could be living things. | 1. they can reproduce
2. they can grow and mutate in a host
3. they have DNA
4. their shell is like a cell membrane
5. they "live" in a host
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| List the first four steps of virus reproduction. | 1. Virus penetrates host cell
2. Nucleic acid from virus goes into cell
3. Nucleic acid uses cell parts to copy itself
4. Protein coats are formed around nucleic acid (uses up cell parts, sometimes killing the cel
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| List the last step in virus reproduction | 5. new virused burst out of the host cell to search for new hosts!
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| List a viruse that infects bacteria. | bacteriophage
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| List a virus that infects plants. | TMV : tobacco mosaic virus
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| List some viruses that infect animals. | papillomavirus,
influenza,
rabies,
cold,
catflu
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| List some viruses that infect humans. | papillomavirus,
HIV,
yellow fever,
black plague,
fever,
pneumonia,
hepatitis,
chicken pox,
cold,
measles,
mumps,
influenza
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| What are vaccines? | weakeed viruses given to "teach" your immune system how to fight that virus
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| What shapes can bacteria come in? | rod, round, spiral, and comma shaped
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| What are autotrophs? | bacteria that can make their own food
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| What are heterotrophs? | bacteria that live off of others
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| What are decomposers? | bacteria that eat dead material
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| How do bacteria reproduce? | asexual reproduction and binary fission
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| What are endospores? | "force feilds" for bacteria
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| What do aerobic bacteria need? | oxygen
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| Do anaerobic bacteria need oxygen? | no
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| What is Symbiosis? | a relationship in which one organism lives on, near, or inside another organism and at least one of them benefits
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| What foods do bacteria help to produce? | cheese, pickles, sour cream, soy sauce, and plants like vegetables and fruits
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| What is pathogen? | tiny living things that cause diseases
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| What does canning do? | it heats up food to kill the bacteria and puts them in sealed airtight containers
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| What do preservatives do? | they slow the growthe of bacteia and mold (they are chemicals)
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| What does freeze-drying do? | it removes all moisture from a food and then puts them in a sealed airtight package
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| What does pasteurization do? | it heats liquids to kill harmful bacteria
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