Genetic Unit Vocab
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Heredity | The passing of traits and genes to offspring from generation to generation.
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| Trait | A characteristic.
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| Purebred | Offspring that is bred from two parents of the same breed.
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| Hybrid | Dominant and Recessive.
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| Offspring | The product of the reproductive process of an animal / A child.
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| Genes | set of info that controls a trait.
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| Alleles | any form of a gene.
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| Dominant | an allele whose trait always show up when the allele is present.
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| Recessive | an allele that is hidden when the dominant allele in present.
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| Phenotype | the physical appearance of a trait.
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| Genotype | the genetic makeup or combination of alleles for a trait.
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| Homozygous | 2 of the same allele for a trait.
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| Heterozygous | 2 different alleles for a trait.
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| Codominance | a condition where neither allele is dominant or recessive.
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| Meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm - father egg - mother) by which the number of chromosomes is cut in half.
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| Haploid Cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
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| Diploid Cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
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| Mutations | a change in gene or chromosome.
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| Insertion | Type of mutation where extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.
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| Deletion | Type of mutation where a section of DNA is deleted or lost.
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| Substitution | Type of mutation where there is an exchange between two bases.
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| Sex-linked gene | gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
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| Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.
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| Sex chromosome | pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female.
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| Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
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| Pedigree | A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
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| Selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation.
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| Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed.
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| Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed.
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| Clone | organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
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| Genetic Engineering | The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits.
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| Gene therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to fix the disorder.
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| Zygote | a fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg.
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| Fertilization | The joining of a sperm and an egg.
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| Punnett Square | A chart that helps determine the traits the offspring will have.
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| Probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.
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| Messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
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| Transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
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| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
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| Genome | All of the DNA in one cell of an organism.
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