term word parts muscular system
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| bi- | twice, double, two
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| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling
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| dys- | bad, difficult, or painful
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| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band
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| fibr/o | fibrous tissue, fiber
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| -ia | abnormal condition, disease
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| -ium | plural form of abnormal condition, disease
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| kines/o, kinesi/o | movement
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| my/o | muscle
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| -plegia | paralysis, stroke
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| -rrhexis | rupture
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| tax/o | coordination, order
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| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
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| ton/o | tone, stretching, tension
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| tri- | three
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| abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
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| adduction | the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
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| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
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| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
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| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength
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| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
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| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement
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| carpal tunnel syndrome | the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
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| chronic fatigue syndrome | disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems
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| circumduction | the circular movement at the far end of a limb
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| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissues
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| dorsiflexion | the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm
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| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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| electromyography | diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response o nerve stimulation
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| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
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| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
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| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
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| fasciitis | inflammation of fascia
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| fibromyalgia | debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain
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| ganglion cyst | harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
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| heel spur | calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus
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| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
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| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
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| hernia | protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
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| hyperkinesia | hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity
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| hypotonia | condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
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| impingement syndrome | inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
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| insertion | where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
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| intermittent claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
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| muscular dystrophy | describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system
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| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
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| myocele | herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
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| myoclonus | the sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
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| myofascial release | specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions
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| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue
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| myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis
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| myorrhaphy | surgical suturing a muscle
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| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
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| nocturnal myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
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| oblique | slanted or at an angle
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| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
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| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
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| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
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| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
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| polymyositis | muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
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| pronation | act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm is turned downward or backwards
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| range of motion of testing | diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
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| sarcopenia | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging
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| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
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| singultus | hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphram
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| spasmodic torticollis | wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
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| sphincter | ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
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| sprain | an injury to a joint involving a ligament
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| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
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| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
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| tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions
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| tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
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| transverse | crosswise direction
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