Microbe-Human Interactions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symbiosis | living together
have these relationships with countless microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Types of symbiosis | Mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
🗑
|
||||
| Mutualism | both benefits
🗑
|
||||
| Commensalism | benefits one and neither benefits nor harms the other
🗑
|
||||
| Parasitism | benefits one and the other is harmed
🗑
|
||||
| Normal (resident) flora/indigenous flora | microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations
ration of cells: 10:1
🗑
|
||||
| Infection | a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues, and multiply
🗑
|
||||
| Infectious disease | an infection that causes damage or disruption to tissues and organs
🗑
|
||||
| Normal flora/indigenous microbiota | organisms that colonize the body's surfaces without normally causing disease
🗑
|
||||
| Normal flora is... | essential to the health of humans
🗑
|
||||
| Flora create... | an environment that may prevent infections and can enhance host defenses
🗑
|
||||
| What may alter flora? | antibiotics, dietary changes, and disease
🗑
|
||||
| Probiotics | introducing known microbes back into the body
🗑
|
||||
| Opportunistic pathogens | normal flora that cause disease under certain circumstances
🗑
|
||||
| Conditions that provide opportunities for opportunistic pathogens? | -introduction of normal flora into unusual site in body
-immune suppression
-changes in the normal flora
----changes in relative abundance may allow opportunity for a member to thrive and cause disease
🗑
|
||||
| Reservoirs of infection | sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of reservoirs | Animal reservoirs
Human carriers
Nonliving reservior
🗑
|
||||
| Zoonoses | diseases naturally spread from animal host to humans (MAJORITY OF HUMAN INFECTIONS)
🗑
|
||||
| Acquire zoonoses through various routes... | -direct contact with animal or its waste
-eating animals
-vectors
🗑
|
||||
| Vector | a live animal that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another
🗑
|
||||
| Majority of vectors are? | anthropods: fleas, mosquitos, flies, and ticks
🗑
|
||||
| Biological vectors | actively participate in a pathogen's LIFE CYCLE
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical vectors | not necessary to the life cycle of an infectious agent and MERELY TRANSPORTS it without being infected
🗑
|
||||
| Human carriers | infected individuals who are asymptomatic but infective to others
-some individuals eventually develop illness while others never get sick
🗑
|
||||
| Nonliving reserviors | soil, water, fomites, and food can be reservoirs of infection
🗑
|
||||
| Fomites | inademiate object
-cell phone
🗑
|
||||
| Pathogenicity | ability of a microorganism to cause disease
🗑
|
||||
| Virulence | -look @ structure & chemistry help to be pathogenic
-factors contribute to pathogenicity:
Adhesion factors
biolfims
extracellular enzymes
toxins
antiphagocytic factors
🗑
|
||||
| Infectious dose | -minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed
-microbes with smaller IDs have greater virulence
🗑
|
||||
| Infectious diseases five stages | -incubation period
-prodromal period
-illness
-decline
-convalence
🗑
|
||||
| Incubation period | no sign/symptom-pathogen colonized
🗑
|
||||
| Prodromal period | feel under the weather, not typical sign
🗑
|
||||
| illness | really feel it, signs/symptoms
🗑
|
||||
| decline | get better
🗑
|
||||
| Localized Infection | microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Systematic infection | infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| Focal infection | when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Mixed infection | several microbes grow simultaneously at the infection site-POLYMICROBIAL
🗑
|
||||
| Primary infection | initial infection
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary infection | another infection by a different microbe
🗑
|
||||
| Acute infection | comes on rapidly, with sever but short-lived effects
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic infections | progress and persist over a long period of time
🗑
|
||||
| epidemiology | the study of where and when diseases occur, and how they are transmitted
🗑
|
||||
| Mortality rate | total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease
🗑
|
||||
| Morbidity rate | number of people afflicted with a certain disease
🗑
|
||||
| Prevalence | number of total cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time
🗑
|
||||
| Sporadic | when occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals
🗑
|
||||
| Endemic | disease that exhibits a relatively steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic locale
🗑
|
||||
| Epidemic | when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected
🗑
|
||||
| Pandemic | epidemic across countries and continents
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
KatelynnJoy
Popular Science sets