Study cards for AICP exam, and Planning in general
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show | 1. Lower road-building costs 2. Increase green space 3. create quieter residential lots with less traffic
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show | Longer or larger blocks of commercial or residential development with limited vehicle access. Accessed instead by walkways, culs-de-sac.
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Government town-building projects - | show 🗑
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show | ...beauty...
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show | Forest Hills, Long Island
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show | Regional Planning Assoc. of America
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show | Sunnyside Gardens, NY
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Stein and Wright. "realistically planned for the motor age, but not a Garden City as (Ebenezer) Howard saw it" | show 🗑
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Stein and Wright - First attempt at implementing Garden City concepts in America - planned on existing grid. Peripheral residential buildings with interior garden and recreation space. | show 🗑
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show | Sunnyside Gardens, NYC
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show | Radburn, NJ
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Stein and Wright's plan for this town evolved from Garden City, to New Town, to suburb that mitigates problems of increased motor vehicle traffic. | show 🗑
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Stein and Wright town design based on "how to live with the automobile, or rather in spite of it." | show 🗑
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Stein and Wright's town design that as a "radical revision of relation of houses, roads, paths, gardens, parks, blocks, and neighborhoods." | show 🗑
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Stein and Wright town design that included: Super-blocks, single-purpose roads (autos only), separated pedestrian circulation, | show 🗑
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Stain and Wright town design that defined different types of roads for different functions: Collection, service, parking, visiting etc. | show 🗑
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show | Radburn, NJ
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Date - Ordinance, provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. "the largest single act of national planning in our history and ... the most significant in terms of continuing impact on the body politic" | show 🗑
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show | 1791
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Date -Henry Clay proposes a plan (American System) to allocate federal funds to promote the development of the national economy by combining tariffs with internal improvements, such as roads, canals and other waterways. | show 🗑
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Date -Erie Canal completed. artificial waterway connected the northeastern states with the newly settled areas of what was then the West, facilitating the economic development of both regions | show 🗑
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show | 1839
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Date -First "model tenement" built in Manhattan | show 🗑
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Date -Homestead Act opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee and five years residence | show 🗑
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show | 1862
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show | 1864
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Date -Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux begin the planning of Riverside Illinois, a planned suburban community stressing rural as opposed to urban amenities. | show 🗑
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show | 1869
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Date -John Wesley Powell's Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States is published. Includes a proposed regional plan that would both foster settlement of the arid west and conserve scarce water resources | show 🗑
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Date -rogress and Poverty published. Henry George's argument for diminishing extremes of national wealth and poverty by means of a single tax (on land) that would capture the "unearned increment" of national development for public uses. | show 🗑
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show | 1879
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Date -Establishment of U.S. Geological Survey to survey and classify all Public Domain lands. | show 🗑
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Date -Building of Pullman, Illinois, model industrial town by George Pullman. | show 🗑
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show | 1890
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Date -General Land Law Revision Act gave President power to create forest preserves by proclamation. | show 🗑
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Date -Sierra Club founded to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment. John Muir, Scottish-American naturalist, and a major figure in the history of American environmentalism, was the leading founder. | show 🗑
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show | 1893
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show | 1896
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show | 1897
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Date -Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, by Ebenezer Howard, a source of the Garden City Movement. Reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow. | show 🗑
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show | 1898
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show | 1901
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show | 1902
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show | 1903
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Date -President Theodore Roosevelt appoints a Public Lands Commission to propose rules for orderly land development and management. | show 🗑
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Date -Antiquities Act: 1st law of federal protection for archaeological sites. Provided for designation of National Monuments, areas in the public domain that contained hist landmarks, hist and prehist structures, objects of hist or scientific interest | show 🗑
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Date -Founding of New York Committee on the Congestion of Population. Fostered movement, led by its secretary, Benjamin Marsh, to decentralize New York's dense population. | show 🗑
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Date -President Roosevelt establishes an Inland Waterway Commission to encourage multipurpose planning in waterway development: navigation, power, irrigation, flood control, water supply. | show 🗑
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show | 1908
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Date -First National Conference on City Planning in Washington, D.C. | show 🗑
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Date -Daniel Burnham's Plan of Chicago published (with Edward Bennett). First metropolitan plan in the United States. (Key figures: Frederick A. Delano, Charles Wacker, Charles Dyer Norton.) | show 🗑
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Date -Possibly the first course in city planning in this country is inaugurated in Harvard College's Landscape Architecture Department. Taught by James Sturgis Pray. | show 🗑
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Date -Frederick Winslow Taylor publishes The Principles of Scientific Management, fountainhead of the efficiency movements in this country, including efficiency in city government. | show 🗑
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Date -Walter D. Moody's "Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago" is adopted as an eigth- grade textbook on City Planning by the Chicago Board of Education. Possibly the first formal instruction in city planning below the college level. | show 🗑
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Date -A chair in Civic Design, first of its kind in the U.S., is created in the University of Illinois's Department of Horticulture for Charles Mulford Robinson, one of the principal promoters of the World's Columbian Exposition. | show 🗑
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show | 1914
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Date -Panama Canal completed and opened to world commerce. | show 🗑
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Date -Harland Bartholomew, eventually the country's best known planning consultant, becomes the first full-time employee in Newark, New Jersey, of a city planning commission. | show 🗑
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Date -Patrick Geddes, "Father of Regional Planning" and mentor of Lewis Mumford, publishes Cities in Evolution. | show 🗑
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Date -Nelson P. Lewis published Planning of the Modern City. | show 🗑
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Date -Nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by New York City Board of Estimates under the leadership of George McAneny and Edward Bassett, known as the "Father of Zoning." | show 🗑
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show | 1916
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show | 1917
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show | 1918
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Date -Three early unifunctional regional authorities--the Metropolitan Sewerage Commission, the Metropolitan Water Board and the Metropolitan Park Commission--combined to form the Boston Metropolitan District Commission. | show 🗑
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show | 1921
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show | 1922
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Date -Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York under Thomas Adams. | show 🗑
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show | 1923
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Date -PA Coal Co. v. Mahon. 1st SCOTUS decision to hold that a land use restriction constituted a taking. "property may be regulated, [but] if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking," thus acknowleded principle of "regulatory taking." | show 🗑
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Date -U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover issues a Standard State Zoning Enabling Act. | show 🗑
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show | 1924
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Date -Publication of "Regional Plan" issue of Survey Graphic, influential essays on regional planning by Lewis Mumford and other members of the Regional Planning Association of America | show 🗑
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show | 1925
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Date -Ernest Burgess's "Concentric Zone" model of urban structure and land use is published. | show 🗑
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Date -In April, The American City Planning Institute and The National Conference on City Planning publish Vol. 1, No. 1 of City Planning, ancestor of present-day Journal of the American Planning Association. | show 🗑
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Date -Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty. Constitutionality of zoning upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. | show 🗑
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Date -U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover issues a Standard City Planning Enabling Act. | show 🗑
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Date -Robert Murray Haig's monograph "Major Economic Factors in Metropolitan Growth and Arrangement" is published in Volume I of The Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs. Viewed land use as a function of accessibility. | show 🗑
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show | 1928
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show | 1929
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show | 1929
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Date -Stock market crash in October ushers in Great Depression and fosters ideas of public planning on a national scale. | show 🗑
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Date -National Land Utilization Conference convened in Chicago. Three hundred agricultural experts deliberate on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation. | show 🗑
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show | 1932
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Date -Reconstruction Finance Corporation established at the outset of the Great Depression to revive economic activity by extending financial aid to failing financial, industrial, and agricultural institutions. | show 🗑
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show | 1933
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show | 1933
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Date -National Planning Board est. w/in DoI to assist in preparation of a comp plan for public works under Frederick Delano, Charles Merriam, Wesley Mitchell. Its last successor agency, the National Resources Planning Board, abolished in 1943. | show 🗑
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show | 1933
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Date -Federal Emergency Relief Administration set up under Harry Hopkins to organize relief work in urban and rural areas. | show 🗑
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Date -TVA created to provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the TN valley, America's most famous experiment in river-basin planning. Idea of Sen. George Norris (NE), David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer. | show 🗑
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show | 1933
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Date -American Society of Planning Officials founded, an organization for planners, planning commissioners and planning-related public officials. | show 🗑
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show | 1934
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Date -Taylor Grazing Act is passed, its purpose to regulate the use of the range in the West for conservation purposes. | show 🗑
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show | 1934
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show | 1935
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show | 1935
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show | 1935
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show | 1935
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Date -Social Security Act passed to create a safety net for elderly. Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member, was a principal promoter. | show 🗑
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show | 1935
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show | 1936
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Date -Our Cities: Their Role in the National Economy. A landmark report by the Urbanism Committee of the National Resources Committee. (Ladislas Segoe headed research staff. | show 🗑
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show | 1937
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Date -Farm Security Administration established, successor to the Resettlement Administration and administrator of many programs to aid the rural poor. | show 🗑
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show | 1937
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show | 1939
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Date -Local Planning Administration, by Ladislas Segoe, first of "Green Book" series, appears. | show 🗑
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show | 1941
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show | 1944
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show | 1944
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show | 1947
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Date -Construction of Park Forest, Illinois, and Levittown, New York, begun. | show 🗑
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Date -Secretary George C. Marshall uses his Harvard College commencement address to propose the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of postwar Europe. | show 🗑
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show | 1949
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show | 1949
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show | 1954
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Date -In Brown v. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas), Supreme Court upholds school integration. | show 🗑
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show | 1954
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show | 1954
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show | 1956
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Date -F. Stuart Chapin publishes Urban Land Use Planning. | show 🗑
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Date -Education for Planning. A seminal, book-length inquiry by Harvey S. Perloff into the "appropriate intellectual, practical and 'philosophical' basis for the education of city and regional planners ..." | show 🗑
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show | 1959
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show | 1959
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Date -The American Collegiate Schools of Planning (ASCP) is born when a few department heads of planning schools get together at the annual ASIP conference to confer on common problems and interests regarding the eductation of planners. | show 🗑
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Date -The St. Lawrence Seaway is completed. This joint U.S.-Canada project created, in effect, a fourth North American seacoast, opening the American heartland to sea-going vessels. | show 🗑
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Date -Image of the City by Kevin Lynch defines basic elements of city's "imageability" (paths, edges, nodes, etc.). | show 🗑
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show | 1961
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show | 1961
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show | 1961
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Date -The urban growth simulation model emerges in the Penn-Jersey Transportation Study. | show 🗑
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show | 1962
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show | 1962
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Date -The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors establishes Virginia's first residential planned community zone, clearing the way for the creation of Reston, a full-scale, self- contained New Town 18 miles from Washington, D.C. | show 🗑
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Date -Columbia, Maryland, a new town situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle. | show 🗑
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show | 1964
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show | 1964
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Date -The Federal Bulldozer by Martin Anderson indicts Urban Renewal program as counterproductive to its aims of increasing low-,middle-income housing supply. With Herbert Gans's The Urban Villagers (1962), contributes to a change in urban policy. | show 🗑
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show | 1964
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Date -A White House Conference on Natural Beauty in America is convened on May 24 and 25, owing much to the interest and advocacy of the First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson. | show 🗑
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show | 1965
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show | 1965
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Date -Congress passes the Water Resources Management Act authorizing Federal-Multistate river basin commissions. | show 🗑
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Date -The Public Work and Economic Development Act passes Congress. This act establishes the Economic Development Administration to extend coordinated, multifaceted aid to lagging regions and foster their redevelopment | show 🗑
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show | 1965
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Date -John Reps publishes The Making of Urban America, the first comprehensive history of American urban planning beginning with colonial times. | show 🗑
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Date -The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act launched the "model cities" program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" program. | show 🗑
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show | 1966
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Date -NHPA passed. Established NRHP and provides, through its Section 106, for the protection of eligible sites and properties threatened by federal activities. Creates ACHP and directs that each state appoint a SHPO | show 🗑
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show | 1966
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Date -The planning profession reaches its 50th anniversary with a celebratory conference in Washington, D.C. Many of the earliest practitioners and founders of the profession attend together with eminent leaders of other professions. | show 🗑
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Date -(Louis B.) Wetmore Amendment drops the final phrase of 1938 AIP declaration of purpose which tied it to the comp. arrangement and regulation of land use. Broadens scope, membership of profession by including social as well as physical planners | show 🗑
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show | 1968
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show | 1969
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Date -NEPA requires an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment. | show 🗑
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show | 1969
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show | 1970
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Date -Federal Environment Protection Agency established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970). | show 🗑
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show | 1970
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show | 1971
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Date -Coastal Zone Management Act adopted. | show 🗑
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show | 1972
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Date -In Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo, New York high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth. | show 🗑
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show | 1972
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Date -Endangered Species Act. Authorized Federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangers plant and animal species. | show 🗑
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Date -The Housing and Community Development Act replaces the categorical grant with the block grant as the principal form of federal aid for local community development. | show 🗑
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Date -Cleveland Policy Plan Report shifts emphasis from traditional land-use planning to advocacy planning. | show 🗑
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show | 1976
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show | 1977
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Date -Penn Central Trans. Co. v. City of NY. SCOTUS upholds NYC's Landmark Pres. Law as applied to Grand Central Terminal. Barring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use. | show 🗑
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show | 1978
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Date -"Reagan Revolution" begins. Planning profession challenged to adapt to new (counter-New Deal) policies: reduced federal spending, privatization, deregulation, etc. Phase-out of some earlier aids to planning grants and programs. | show 🗑
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Date -Superfund Bill passed. Creates liability for persons discharging hazardous waste into the environment. Taxes polluting industries to establish a trust fund for cleanup of polluted sites where individual responsibility is not ascertainable. | show 🗑
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Date -The Associated Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) is established to represent the academic branch of the planning profession. | show 🗑
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show | 1981
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Date -In a case focusing on Mt. Laurel, NJ, the NJ Supreme Court rules that all 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting blow against racial segregation. | show 🗑
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show | 1984
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show | 1986
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show | 1987
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show | 1987
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show | 1989
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Date -Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component. | show 🗑
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show | 1992
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Date -Enterprise Zone/Empowerment Community (EZ/EC) becomes law. Tax incentives, wage tax credits, special deductions, and low-interest financing to a limited number of impoverished urban and rural communities to jumpstart economic and social recovery. | show 🗑
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Date -In Dolan v. City of Tigard, SCOTUS rules that a jurisdiction must show that there is a "rough proportionality " between the adverse impacts of a proposed development and the exactions it wishes to impose on the developer. | show 🗑
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show | 1994
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show | 1999
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show | 2000
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show | 1. Set aside space for recreation 2. Design streets to offer scenic views 3. planned a shaded parkway connecting to Chicago 4. used no grid or right angles for streets
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show | 1868-69
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show | Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux
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Who - designed plan for Sunnyside Gardens in NYC | show 🗑
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Who - Father of city planning | show 🗑
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show | Patrick Geddes
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Who - Father of Zoning | show 🗑
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Who - Father of Environmental planning | show 🗑
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Who - Father of Advocacy Planning | show 🗑
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Who - Ladder of Citizen Participation. | show 🗑
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Who - "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform" (later Garden Cities of Tomorrow) | show 🗑
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show | Jane Jacobs
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show | Kevin Lynch
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Who - "The Culture of Cities" | show 🗑
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show | Ian McHarg
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show | Clarence Perry
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show | Jacob Riis
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show | F.L Wright
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show | Hope VI
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Who - founded CNU. Main proponent of New Urbanist principles. | show 🗑
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Who - | show 🗑
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HOPE IV - 4 goals of this 1992 HUD program | show 🗑
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show | Patrick Geddes (shared with John Ruskin)
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Who - powerful critic of Urban Renewal policies in t 1950s | show 🗑
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show | Christopher Alexander
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show | Kevin Lynch
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