Key terms from IOC4 Module 5
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| Supporters of the Constitution who advocated it's ratification | Federalists
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| Critics of the Constitution who expressed concern that is seemed to posses no specific provisions for the protection of natural and civil rights. | Anti-Federalists
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| Representative democracy with the view that citizens have a civic duty to aid the state and resist corruption. Farmers exemplify virtue and independence from corruption. Republicanism is the best form of government. | Jefferonian Democracy
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| Jackson vs Clay. First election truly fought on modern party lines (democrats emerged). Widespread use of public rallies, parades, barbecues etc all paid for by the parties. Introduction of the "spoils system", full cabinet rotation. | Election of 1828
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| 1845 - Doctrine in support of expansion based on the beliefs that population growth demanded territorial expansion, that God Supported American expansion, and the expansion of America equaled expansion of freedom. Initiated under Polk. | Manifest Destiny
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| 1803 - This territory is purchase from France for 15 Million. Secured Mississippi and doubled the nations size. | Lousiana Purchase
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| 1835 - 1836 War between early American colonists and Mexican government for the independence of Texas from Mexico. | Texas war for Independence
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| (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836), known as the "Father of Texas", led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by settlers from the United States. Settled on huge land grant from Mexico in 1820's. | Steven Austin
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| 1836- Lead assault on Santa Anna's encampment near the San Jacinto river. Defeated and captured Santa Anna within 15 minutes. Force the signing treaties recognizing independence of Texas south to the Rio Grande. | Samuel Houston
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| 1835- 187 Americans living in Mexican state of Texas fought for over a week to defend The Alamo (fort in San Antonio) against a larger Mexican forces. 8 men were captured and killed by Mexican forces. | The Alamo
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| 1846 - 1848 Armed conflict between the US and Mexico after the annexation of Texas. Mexico claimed ownership of Texas as a breakaway province. | Mexican American War
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| the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. He was the youngest president during his time being 41. | James Knox Polk
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| an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. General of American Southwest forces during Mexican-American war. | Zachary Taylor
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| 1848 - Treaty ending the Mexican-American war. Mexico relinquished claims to Texas, established the Rio Grande as the USE/Mexico border, and ceded California for $15million. The US would assume American citizens claims against Mexico. | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
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| the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). Political views in widening political participation by more people laid foundation for the democratic party. "Old Hickory" | Andrew Jackson
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| 1830 - Policy signed into effect by Andrew Jackson to force native Americans west of the Mississippi. | Indian Removal Acts
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| 1838 - Forced winter evacuation of Cherokee's from George to present day Oklahoma. 4000-16000 died from exposure and disease. | Trail of Tears
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| 1853 - Signed by Franklin Pierce. Allowed for construction of the transcontinental railroad and finalized the border issues that remained unresolved from the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Southern reaches of New Mexico and Arizona. | Gadsden Purchase
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| 1867 - Purchased by William Seward from Russia for 7.2 million from Czar Alexander II. Admitted to statehood in 1958. | Alaska
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| 1898 - Annexed by McKinley over the protests of most of its natives. Admitted to statehood in 1959. | Hawaii
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| Sought to reestablish native control of Hawaii. John L. Stevens sent marines to surround palace till she surrendered. | Queen Liliuokalani
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| 1787 - Area East of the Mississippi and between the great lakes and the Ohio river. | Northwest Territory
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| 1823 - Doctorine that advocates for separate sphere of influence for Americas/Europe, non-colonization, and non-intervention. | Monroe Doctorine
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| Series of conflicts between Native Americans and the colonial/federal government. Largest battles fought as reservations and treaties are broken to allow for settlement of the western territories. | Indian Wars
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| 1876 June - Col. Custer took 265 men attack what they believe is a small band of natives faces 2500 warriors. Custer and all men are dead. Native warriors are follwing Crazy Hours, Sitting Bull, and Rain-in-the-face . | Battle of Little Big Horn
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| 1890 - Troops ordered to stop Ghost Dance religion took Chief BigFoot and followers to WoundedKnee camp. 200 men, women, and children were killed by the new army machine guns. | Battle of Wounded Knee
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| 1864 - November 19th Col. John Chivington massacred sleeping Cheyenne and Arapaho tribe members including women and children. | Battle of Sand Creeck
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| 1862 - Legislation granting 150 acres to anyone who paid the $10 fee and pledged to live and cultivate the land for 5 years | Homestead Act
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| 1889 - April 22nd noon. First land run into unassigned lands of Oklahoma. Homestead act follow up granting 160 acres. | Oklahoma Land Rush
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| 1840's - Overland route of wagon trains of migrants from the east to the west coast. 6 month (May - Nov). | Oregon Trail
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| 1793 - Eli Whitney - enabled pickers to clean 50 times more cotton. | Cotton Gin
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| 1802 - Oliver Evans | Steam Engine
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| 1831 - Cyrus McCormick - Mechanized harvesting. First model could harvest 6 acres in one day. | The Reaper
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| 1844 - Samuel Morse - Almost instantaneous long distance communications | Telegraph
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| 1869 - Union Pacific railroad linked with the Central Pacific Railroad, lines connected at Promontory Utah. | Transcontinental Railroad
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| American muckraker journalis, photographer, and social reformer. Helped the poor in NY. Wrote "how the other half lives", a book on the lives of the impoverished. | Jacob Riis
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| a Pulitzer Prize-winning prolific American author. He gained particular fame for his 1906 muckraking novel The Jungle, which dealt with conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry. contributed to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. | Upton Sinclair
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| Larger than life American Entrepreneurs. | Robber Barons
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| an American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. Began refinancing and gradual takeover of rail companies. | J.P. Morgan
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| Finance and railroad tycoon in New York City and New York State. | Jay Gould
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| an American industrialist and philanthropist. He revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he officially retired in 1897. | John D. Rockefeller
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| American Newspaper magnate. Owner of the New York Journal he warred in the press with Pulitzer. His power and influence through his newspapers and magazines helped push the US into the Spanish American War. | William Randolph Hearst
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| Sensationalized journalism by Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer before and during Spanish American war. Yellow Journalism helped turn US public opinion against Spain's actions in Cuba. | Yellow Journalism
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| 1869 - Mother Jones (Mary Harris Jones)founds this union for all workers including blacks and women. | Knights of Labor
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| 1850-1924 - founder of the American Federation of Labor in 1886. Favored unions of skilled craft workers | Samuel Gompers
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| A noted American educator who was renowned for her forthright opinions on women’s education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education | Catherine Beecher
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| An American social activist and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Writer of the Declaration of Sentiments for women's rights. | Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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| 1848 - Declaration of Sentiments. "All men and women are created equal". Called for the vote, property, person, control of children. | Seneca Falls Declaration
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| Proponent for the mentally Ill. Publicized the inhumane treatments prevailing in prison, almshouses and asylums. | Dorthea Dix
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| American Abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. Published the "liberator" in 1831 | William Lloyd Garrison
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| February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer.First African American to be nominated for VP. | Frederick Douglas
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| an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the U.S. Civil War. After escaping from captivity, she made thirteen missions to rescue over seventy slaves using the network of activists and houses known as the Underground Railroad. | Harriet Tubman
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| Spokesman for the common public school movement and education reform. | Horace Mann
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