nervous system
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| peripheral nervous systemPNS | comprised of cranial & spinal nerves that exit from brain & spinal cord
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| cranial nerves | 12 pairs emerge from brain
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| spinal nerves | 31 pairs exit spinal cord thru intervertebral foramina
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| PNS | subdivided into autonomic & somatic nervous systems
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| somatic | voluntary system transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal-makes us move
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| autonomic | involuntary nervous system innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & galnds
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| autonomic subdivisions | sympathetic & parasympathetic
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| sympathetic | fight or flight-speeds up heart rate
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| parasympathetic | rest & digest-slows heart rate
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| sensory | conduct signals to CNS
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| motor | carry signals from CNS
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| oligodendroglia | forms myelin sheath in CNS
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| schwann cells | in PNS
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| refractory period | very brief period after inhibition when neuron recovers
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| absolute refractory period | time during which neuron will not respond to any stimuli-beginning of depolization
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| relative refractory perion | when neuron will onlyrespond to a very strong stimuli-end of depolarization
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| neurotransmitters | chemical compounds released by vesicles, many are also hormones
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| cerebrum | higher function, makes us human
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| cerebellum | movement, coordination
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| spinal cord | composed of white & gray matter
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| white matter | axons
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| gray matter | cell body
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| lower motor neurons | flaccid
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| upper motor neurons | spastic
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| upper | CNS
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| lower | peripheral
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| subdural hematome | bleeding between dura & arachnoid
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| epidural hematoma | bleeding between skull & dura
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| endoneurium | surrounds each nerve fibers
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| perineurium | surrounds each fascicle
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| fascicle | group of nerve fibers
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| epineurium | surrounds the nerve
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| dura mate-outermost covering | tough, white fibrus connective tissue
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| dura mater | tough mother
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| dura mater | protects CNS from being damaged by skull & spine
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| arachnoid-middle layer | cobweb like membrane, contains many blood vessels
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| pia mater-inner layer | very thin, tight fitting cover contains blood vessels to nourish verve tissue
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| pia mater | adheres directly to brain & spinal cord
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