Male reproductive system
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| Bulbourethral glands | A pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands.
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| Ejaculation | Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra.
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| Ejaculatory duct | Tube through which semen enters the male urethra.
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| Erectile dysfunction | Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence.
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| Epididymis ( plural: epididymides) | One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes on top of each testis. It carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.
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| Flagellum | Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move).
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| Fraternal twins | Two infants born of the same pregnancy from two separate egg cells fertilized by two different sperm cells
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| Glans penis | Sensitive tip of the penis.
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| identical twins | Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins.
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| parenchyma | The essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are the parenchymal tissues.
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| penis | Male external organ of reproduction.
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| perineum | External region between the anus and scrotum in the male.
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| prepuce | Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis.
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| prostate gland | Exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation.
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| scrotum | External sac that contains the testes.
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| semen | Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions).
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| seminal vesicles | Paired sac-like male exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens.
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| seminiferous tubules | Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.
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| spermatozoon ( plural: spermatozoa) | Sperm cell.
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| sterilization | Procedure that removes an individual's ability to produce or release reproductive cells.
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| stroma | Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma.
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| testis ( plural: testes) | Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone. Remember: testis means one testicle, and testes are two testicles.
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| testosterone | Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics.
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| vas deferens | Narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body and toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens.
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| andr/o | male
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| balan/o | penis
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| cry/o | cold
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| crypt/o | hidden
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| epididym/o | epididymis
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| gon/o | seed
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| hydr/o | water and fluid
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| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o | testes, testicles
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| pen/o | penis
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| semin/i | semen, seed
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| sperm/o, spermat/o | semen, spermatozoa
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| terat/o | monster
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| test/o | testis
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| varic/o | varicose veins
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| vas/o | vessel
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| zo/o | animal life
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| -genesis | formation
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| -one | hormone
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| -pexy | fixation, put in place
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| -stomy | new opening
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| carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer) | Malignant tumor of the testicles.
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| cryptorchidism; cryptorchism | Undescended testicles.
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| hydrocele | Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum.
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| testicular torsion | Twisting of the spermatic cord
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| varicocele | Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle.
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| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland.
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| carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer) | Malignant tumor of the prostate gland.
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| hypospadias; hypospadia | Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip.
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| phimosis | Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis.
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| chlamydial infection | Bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract.
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| gonorrhea | Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria).
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| herpes genitalis | Infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
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| human papillomavirus (HPV) infection | Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus.
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| syphilis | Chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium).
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| PSA test | Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood.
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| semen analysis | Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid.
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| castration | Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries.
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| circumcision | Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis.
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| digital rectal examination (DRE) | Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland.
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| photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP) | Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP).
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| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra.
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| vasectomy | bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens.
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| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy)
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| ED | erectile dysfunction
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| GU | genitourinary
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| HPV | human papillomavirus
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| HSV | herpes simplex virus
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| NSU | nonspecific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| PIN | prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| PVP | photo selective vaporization of the prostate; Green Light PVP
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| RPR | rapid plasma reagin [test]; a test for syphilis
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| STI | sexually transmitted infection
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| transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle | transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle
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| TUIP | transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP
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| TUMT | transurethral microwave thermotherapy
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| TUNA | transurethral needle ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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