Agression key terms
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| Instrumental aggression | Form of aggression where the aim is to achieve a goal and any injury which may be caused is incidental.
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| Assertive behaviour (channelled aggression) | The actions of the performer are within the laws of the game and are goal-directed, with no intention to harm another player.
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| Hostile aggression | Form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment.
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| Aggressive cue (cue arousal) nurtured) Berkowitz 1994 | Frustration will cause arousal in increase
Only cause aggression if a cue is present
E.g. a dangerous tackle/reinforcement
Sports related cues: people /places/objects such as bats gloves etc.
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| Frustration-aggression(natural tendency) Dollard | Frustrated at being prevented from achieving the goals
As frustration increases this leads to aggression
If this can be released (as in retaliation) then aggressive behaviour will reduce
If not then aggression will become more intense
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| Social learning (nurtured) | Aggressive behaviours are learned but can learn non-aggressive behaviour
through observation
Realistic events more likely to affect learning also if role model is observed
if behaviour is reinforced
Or more likely if they think it will not be punished
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| Instinct (natural tendency) Freud | Inherited
Aggressive impulse build up and would be psychologically damaging
Need a release of that anger, this can be displaced away from the anger onto the sports pitch
This is known as catharsis
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| How to control aggression | Use mental rehearsal Individual
stress management techniques
Apply the rules correctly and fairly
reinforce assertive behaviour promote fair play
Learn to walk away
Punish aggressive behaviour immediately
Talking to players
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| How to develop assertive behaviour | • Punish aggressive acts
• Develop player’s code of conduct
• Remove from situation
• Encourage peer support
• set performance goals
• Stress management techniques
• Positive reinforcement for assertive play
• Develop fitness levels
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Created by:
Tina Dean
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