DEQ OKLAHOMA
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| Ability to resist changes in pH in response to dilute acids && act as buffers | ALKALINITY
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| Chemical ions that form alkalinity are | HYXROXIDE, CARBONATE, BICARBONATE
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| Metal ions that contribute to alkalinity | Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium
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| End point | Phenomena in the chemical laboratory which has the following definition: a chemical is added drop by drop to a sample until a color change occurs
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| Two types of alkalinity measurement | Total alkalinity && Phenolphthalein Alkalinity
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| Laboratory Safety- Clothes | Never Work Alone && Protective Eye wear && Lab Coats && Gloves
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| Laboratory Safety - Chemical | Proper storage and labeling && date && ventilated area
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| Oxygen levels && Permissible | 19.5 to 23.5 %
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| Methane levels && Permissible | <0.5 %
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| Hydrogen Sulfide && Permissible | <10 ppm
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| Carbon Dioxide && Permissible | <10,000 ppm
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| Safe Drinking Water Act | 1974 && Passed as law in the same year
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| Primary Contaminants | The contaminants identified by EPA as harmful to human health
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| Maximum Contaminant Level M.C.L. | primary contaminants must not exceed certain specified levels known as M.C.L.
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| Hardness | Mainly caused by Calcium and Magnesium
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| Hard Water Standards | 100 mg/L in hardness
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| Soft Water Standards | 60 mg/L in hardness
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| Chromium Salt | used extensively for industrial processes and may enter a water supply through the discharge of waste
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| Hexavalent Chromium Parameters | Holding Time - none
Preservation - 24 hours
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| Spectrophotometry | quantitative measurement of the transmission properties as the function of wavelength
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| Widely Distributed in Rocks and Soil | Manganese
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| Manganese Spectrometer Reading | 525 nm
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| Trace Amounts of chloride are eliminated by... | mercuric sulfate as a special reagent
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| Ferrous Iron | Dissolved in Water
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| Manganous Iron | Dissolved in Water
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| Oxidized Iron... | forms iron rust
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| A pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure... | autoclave
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| Used to measure the relative clarity of fluid by evaluating the amount of light scattered | Turbidimeter
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| An instrument which measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength that passes through a medium | Spectrophotometer
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| Sampling methos | A. Vital Part of studying the water quality
B. Source of Error in the process of obtaining water quality information
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| Grab Sample | single water sample collected at no specific time
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| Composite Sample | collection of individual samples obtained at regular intervals
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| One of the most important aspects of laboratory procedures | Results are no better than the sample
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| Preservation must be checked for the following characteristics | Required Volume
Type of Container
Preservation
Maximum Holding Time
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| Separation methods | decanting, centrifuging, decanting, filtering
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| Conductivity in water | ability of a water to conduct an electrical current
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| Calcium Carbonate Saturation | industrial heat exchanges && domestic water heaters
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| Over Saturated Calcium Carbonate in water | would form precipitate
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| Under Saturation Calcium Carbonate in water | would dissolve
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| Corrosive Water | pH && alkalinity tends to be slightly lower than 'stable'
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| Calcium Carbonate Saturated Water | Neither precipitate nor dissolved
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| Corrosive Water | undersaturated
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| Super Saturated | Scale Deposit
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| Zero Net Alkalinity | Stable Water
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| Results in presence of metal ions in the water | Color
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| Ways to remove true color from the water: | coagulation, chlorination, or ozonation
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| Maximum Contaminant Levels For chlorine are... | 0.08 ppm
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| Fast Chlorine Detection Method | DPD Method
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| Higher Temperatures in DPD lead to... | false positive results
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| Turbidity is removed by | distillation
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| Fluoride Holding Time | 28 days
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| Fluoride Spectrophotometer reading | 570 nm
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| Chemicals Used For Fluoridation | Sodium Fluoride
Sodium Fluorosilicate
Fluorosilicic Acid
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| Ways to remove alkalinity | Add hydrochloric or nitric acids
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Created by:
Vsevolod-Notes
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