all inclusive of exam 1
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| Peripheral Nervous system | Somatic and Autonomic, Sensory and Motor, Basically everything in the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord
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| Somatic is... | voluntary and controls the skeletal muscles
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| autonomic is... | involuntary and controls the smooth muscles
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| Sensory pns is... | input and to the brain
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| motor pns is... | output and moving away from the brain
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| Diaphragm rhyme | Phrenic nerve. Cervical plexus. c3 c4 c5 keep the diaphragm alive
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| lumbar plexus feeds nerves to... | front of the leg
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| cervical plexus feeds nerves to... | shoulder and diaphragm
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| sacral plexus feeds nerves to... | back of the leg and butt
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| brachial plexus feeds nerves to... | arm and armpit and shoulder
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| cervical nerves to worry about | phrenic
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| brachial nerves to worry about | radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary
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| lumbar nerves to worry about | femoral and obturator
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| sacral nerves to worry about | sciatic, tibial, common fibular, pudendal
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| ascending nerve characteristics | from body to brain, sensory
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| descending nerve characteristics | from the brain to the body, motor
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| Reflex steps (6) | 1. stimulus 2. sensor/receptor 3. sensory neuron 4. area of spinal cord/plexus 5. motor neuron 6. effector (muscle)
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| interneurons | they go up and down the spine, across the spine, sends messages to the brain (learning), antagonist inhibition (tells the opposite muscle to relax)
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| ipsi-lateral | reflex occurs on same side as stimulus
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| contralateral | when reflex occurs on opposite side of stimulus
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| meninges function | surround the cns, protects and cushions
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| cerebral-spinal fluid | shock absorbers
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| spinal tap location | lumbar (more space to work inside of
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| Brain Stem | Medulla oblongata, Pons
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| Diencephalon | hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus
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| cerebrum | parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occiptial lobe, temporal lobe
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| cerebellum | abor vitea, vermis
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| medulla oblongata | basic life support, breathing, heart
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| pons | means bridge, connects the brain stem to the rest of the brain or "high brain", regulates breathing
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| thalamus | relay center, router, switchboard. Directs traffic - sorts the messages and gets them from the spine to the parts of brain.
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| hypothalamus | homeostasis
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| epithalamus | makes cerebral spinal fluid
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| cerebral spinal fluid | cushions, blood brain barrier
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| Meninges anatomy | Dura mater (outermost), arachnoid mater (middle), pia mater (innermost).
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| Subarachnoid space | place where the csf lies
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| csf pathway | 1. epithalamus. 2. fill ventricles (center of brain). 3. travel through "cerebral aqueduct". 4. central canal. 5. leaks from the medularis conas into subarachnoid space of spine. 6. up the outside of spine to outside the brain. 7. out the arachnoid villi.
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| cerebellum function | coordination or balance
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| mesencephalon | corpara quadrigemina (reflexes visual and audio) rubro area (red nucleus or muscle tone, tells muscles to keep going) Ras (awareness or consciences)
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| occipital lobe funcion | visual
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| temporal lobe function | nose and hearing
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| parietal lobe function | sensory, understanding words (wernickes)
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| frontal lobe function | motor functions, recognition (thinking and personality, making words (brocas areas)
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| dominant hemisphere | the location of the Broca's area
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| cns 1 | olfactory, smell, sensory
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| cns 2 | optic, sight, sensory
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| cns 3 | oculomotor, moves eye, motor
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| cns 4 | trochlear, moves eye, motor
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| cns 5 | trigeminal, jaws and teeth, both
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| cns 6 | abducens, moves eye, motor
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| cns 7 | facial, face and expressions, both
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| cns 8 | vestbulo cochlea, hearing and balance, sensory
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| cns 9 | glossopharngeal, tongue throat, both
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| cns 10 | vasus, heart/guts, both
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| cns 11 | accessory, neck muscles, motor
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| cns 12 | hypoglossal, throat, motor
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| Mirror nerve location | Frontal Lobe, Pre-motor cortex, (planning movement
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| Mirror nerve function | lack of empathy
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| Limbic system parts and funtion | Parts: Hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus. Function: Emotional system, keeps you from doing something stupid. Memory
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| Muscles the ANS talks to | Involuntary
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| ANS is controlled by | limbic system: Sympathatic or Parasympathetic
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| Sympathetic wire location | thoraco-Lumbar region
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| Parasympathetic wire locations | cranial-sacral region
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| Sympathetic characteristics | fight or flight
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| parasympathetic charasteristics | rest and digest
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| sympathetic neuron charasteristics | short 1st neuron, long 2nd neuron or short pregangleonic fiber and long post ganglionic fiber
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| parasympathetic neuron charasteristics | long 1st neuron, short 2nd neuron or long pre-gangleonic fiber and short post-ganglionic fiber
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| sympathetic neurotransmitters | Acetylocholine from pre to post and epinephrine (adreneline) to organ
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| Parasympathetic neurotransmitters | acetelocholine from pre to post and to organ
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| Ascending tracts | spino-cerebellum, spino-thalamic, dorsal columns.
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| decending tracts | cortisospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal
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| spino cerebellar | doesn't cross, balance
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| spino thalmic | pain and temp, crosses at spine and then goes up
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| dorsal columns | touch, crosses at the medula oblongatta
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| cortisospinal | voluntary motor, crosses at medula oblongatta
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| rubrospinal | muscle tone (keeping your back straight so you don't fall over), crosses at the medula obsongatta
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| reticulospinal | muscle tone (keeping your back straight so you don't fall over), crosses at the medula obsongatta
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| sympathetic effects on pupils | get big to see everything
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| sympathetic effects on tear glands | not working, energy directed else where
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| sympathetic effects on sweat glands | dripping. super active
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| sympathetic effects on arrector pili | stimulates them...goosebumps
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to skin | constricts...sends the blood elsewhere like muscles
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to skeletal muscles | floods them so you can fight or flight
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to lungs | floods them so you can fight or flight
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to digestive organs | constricts. Shuts down digestive organs
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to kidneys | constricts. Shuts down urinary tracts
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| sympathetic effects on blood vessels to brain | normal.
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| sympathetic effects on heart | makes heart beat faster to circulate more blood
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| sympathetic effects on airways | opens up wider
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| sympathetic effects on digeestive activity | shuts the activity down
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| sympathetic effects on digestive glands | stops their secretions
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| sympathetic effects on liver | increases activity. to speed up energy releases
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| sympathetic effects on skeletal muscles | super activates them...preps them for activity
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| sympathetic effects on adipose tissue | no affect...doesn't create new tissue
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| sympathetic effects on kidney | stops it...
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| sympathetic effects on urinary bladder | stops it...energy gets placed elsewhere
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| sympathetic effects on male reproductive organs | required for sexual gratification but must have a parasympathetic reaction first
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| sympathetic effects on female reproductive organs | required for sexual gratification but must have a parasympathetic reaction first
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| parasympathetic effects on pupils | get smaller, normal
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| parasympathetic effects on tear glands | normal function
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| parasympathetic effects on sweat glands | normal or less sweating
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| parasympathetic effects on arrector pili | normal function or less activity
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to skinn | normal adequate blood flow to skin (healthy glow)
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to skeletal muscles | normal blood flow
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to lungs | normal blood flow
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to to digestive organs | more blood flow and more activity
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to kidneys | more blood flow normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to brain | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on heart | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on airways | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on digestive activity | increased activity (rest and digest
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| parasympathetic effects on digestive glands | increased activity
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| parasympathetic effects on liver | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on skeletal muscles | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on adipose tissue | when it is made
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| parasympathetic effects on kidney function | normal increased activity
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| parasympathetic effects on urinary bladder | normal activity
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| parasympathetic effects on male reproductive system | only way to get aroused
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