all inclusive of exam 1

Question	Answer
Peripheral Nervous system	Somatic and Autonomic, Sensory and Motor, Basically everything in the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord
Somatic is...	voluntary and controls the skeletal muscles
autonomic is...	involuntary and controls the smooth muscles
Sensory pns is...	input and to the brain
motor pns is...	output and moving away from the brain
Diaphragm rhyme	Phrenic nerve. Cervical plexus. c3 c4 c5 keep the diaphragm alive
lumbar plexus feeds nerves to...	front of the leg
cervical plexus feeds nerves to...	shoulder and diaphragm
sacral plexus feeds nerves to...	back of the leg and butt
brachial plexus feeds nerves to...	arm and armpit and shoulder
cervical nerves to worry about	phrenic
brachial nerves to worry about	radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary
lumbar nerves to worry about	femoral and obturator
sacral nerves to worry about	sciatic, tibial, common fibular, pudendal
ascending nerve characteristics	from body to brain, sensory
descending nerve characteristics	from the brain to the body, motor
Reflex steps (6)	1. stimulus 2. sensor/receptor 3. sensory neuron 4. area of spinal cord/plexus 5. motor neuron 6. effector (muscle)
interneurons	they go up and down the spine, across the spine, sends messages to the brain (learning), antagonist inhibition (tells the opposite muscle to relax)
ipsi-lateral	reflex occurs on same side as stimulus
contralateral	when reflex occurs on opposite side of stimulus
meninges function	surround the cns, protects and cushions
cerebral-spinal fluid	shock absorbers
spinal tap location	lumbar (more space to work inside of
Brain Stem	Medulla oblongata, Pons
Diencephalon	hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus
cerebrum	parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occiptial lobe, temporal lobe
cerebellum	abor vitea, vermis
medulla oblongata	basic life support, breathing, heart
pons	means bridge, connects the brain stem to the rest of the brain or "high brain", regulates breathing
thalamus	relay center, router, switchboard. Directs traffic - sorts the messages and gets them from the spine to the parts of brain.
hypothalamus	homeostasis
epithalamus	makes cerebral spinal fluid
cerebral spinal fluid	cushions, blood brain barrier
Meninges anatomy	Dura mater (outermost), arachnoid mater (middle), pia mater (innermost).
Subarachnoid space	place where the csf lies
csf pathway	1. epithalamus. 2. fill ventricles (center of brain). 3. travel through "cerebral aqueduct". 4. central canal. 5. leaks from the medularis conas into subarachnoid space of spine. 6. up the outside of spine to outside the brain. 7. out the arachnoid villi.
cerebellum function	coordination or balance
mesencephalon	corpara quadrigemina (reflexes visual and audio) rubro area (red nucleus or muscle tone, tells muscles to keep going) Ras (awareness or consciences)
occipital lobe funcion	visual
temporal lobe function	nose and hearing
parietal lobe function	sensory, understanding words (wernickes)
frontal lobe function	motor functions, recognition (thinking and personality, making words (brocas areas)
dominant hemisphere	the location of the Broca's area
cns 1	olfactory, smell, sensory
cns 2	optic, sight, sensory
cns 3	oculomotor, moves eye, motor
cns 4	trochlear, moves eye, motor
cns 5	trigeminal, jaws and teeth, both
cns 6	abducens, moves eye, motor
cns 7	facial, face and expressions, both
cns 8	vestbulo cochlea, hearing and balance, sensory
cns 9	glossopharngeal, tongue throat, both
cns 10	vasus, heart/guts, both
cns 11	accessory, neck muscles, motor
cns 12	hypoglossal, throat, motor
Mirror nerve location	Frontal Lobe, Pre-motor cortex, (planning movement
Mirror nerve function	lack of empathy
Limbic system parts and funtion	Parts: Hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus. Function: Emotional system, keeps you from doing something stupid. Memory
Muscles the ANS talks to	Involuntary
ANS is controlled by	limbic system: Sympathatic or Parasympathetic
Sympathetic wire location	thoraco-Lumbar region
Parasympathetic wire locations	cranial-sacral region
Sympathetic characteristics	fight or flight
parasympathetic charasteristics	rest and digest
sympathetic neuron charasteristics	short 1st neuron, long 2nd neuron or short pregangleonic fiber and long post ganglionic fiber
parasympathetic neuron charasteristics	long 1st neuron, short 2nd neuron or long pre-gangleonic fiber and short post-ganglionic fiber
sympathetic neurotransmitters	Acetylocholine from pre to post and epinephrine (adreneline) to organ
Parasympathetic neurotransmitters	acetelocholine from pre to post and to organ
Ascending tracts	spino-cerebellum, spino-thalamic, dorsal columns.
decending tracts	cortisospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal
spino cerebellar	doesn't cross, balance
spino thalmic	pain and temp, crosses at spine and then goes up
dorsal columns	touch, crosses at the medula oblongatta
cortisospinal	voluntary motor, crosses at medula oblongatta
rubrospinal	muscle tone (keeping your back straight so you don't fall over), crosses at the medula obsongatta
reticulospinal	muscle tone (keeping your back straight so you don't fall over), crosses at the medula obsongatta
sympathetic effects on pupils	get big to see everything
sympathetic effects on tear glands	not working, energy directed else where
sympathetic effects on sweat glands	dripping. super active
sympathetic effects on arrector pili	stimulates them...goosebumps
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to skin	constricts...sends the blood elsewhere like muscles
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to skeletal muscles	floods them so you can fight or flight
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to lungs	floods them so you can fight or flight
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to digestive organs	constricts. Shuts down digestive organs
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to kidneys	constricts. Shuts down urinary tracts
sympathetic effects on blood vessels to brain	normal.
sympathetic effects on heart	makes heart beat faster to circulate more blood
sympathetic effects on airways	opens up wider
sympathetic effects on digeestive activity	shuts the activity down
sympathetic effects on digestive glands	stops their secretions
sympathetic effects on liver	increases activity. to speed up energy releases
sympathetic effects on skeletal muscles	super activates them...preps them for activity
sympathetic effects on adipose tissue	no affect...doesn't create new tissue
sympathetic effects on kidney	stops it...
sympathetic effects on urinary bladder	stops it...energy gets placed elsewhere
sympathetic effects on male reproductive organs	required for sexual gratification but must have a parasympathetic reaction first
sympathetic effects on female reproductive organs	required for sexual gratification but must have a parasympathetic reaction first
parasympathetic effects on pupils	get smaller, normal
parasympathetic effects on tear glands	normal function
parasympathetic effects on sweat glands	normal or less sweating
parasympathetic effects on arrector pili	normal function or less activity
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to skinn	normal adequate blood flow to skin (healthy glow)
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to skeletal muscles	normal blood flow
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to lungs	normal blood flow
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to to digestive organs	more blood flow and more activity
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to kidneys	more blood flow normal activity
parasympathetic effects on blood vessels to brain	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on heart	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on airways	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on digestive activity	increased activity (rest and digest
parasympathetic effects on digestive glands	increased activity
parasympathetic effects on liver	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on skeletal muscles	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on adipose tissue	when it is made
parasympathetic effects on kidney function	normal increased activity
parasympathetic effects on urinary bladder	normal activity
parasympathetic effects on male reproductive system	only way to get aroused

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