Muscles.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched
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| Elastic | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched
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| Epimysium | the connective tissue sheath surrounding the skeletal muscle
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| Fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium
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| Muscle Fasciculi (Fascicle) | numerous visible bundles the compose muscles
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| Perimysium | surrounds the muscle fasciculi
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| Fibers | the single muscle cells the compose the fasciculi
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| Endomysium | a connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscles fiber
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| Myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other
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| Myofibers consist of | 2 major kinds of protein fibers
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| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments. they resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together
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| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments. they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs
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| Sarcomere | joined end to end to form the myofibril
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| Sarcomere is... | the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle
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| Each sarcomere extends... | from one Z line (disc) to another Z line
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| Each Z line is... | an attachment site for actin
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| The banded appearance is... | because of the arrangement of actin and myosin
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| What is on each side of the Z line? | a light area called an I band, it consist of actin.
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| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane
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| Action Potential | the brief reversal back of the charge
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| Motor Neurons | are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| Neuromuscular Junctions or Synapse | each branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the cell
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| Motor Unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
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| Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal
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| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell
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| Postsynaptic Terminal | the muscle fiber
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| Synaptic Vesicles | each presynaptic terminal contains this
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| Acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that secretes from the synaptic vesicles
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| Acetylcholinesterase | the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell rapidly broken down by enzymes
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| Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction
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| Muscle Twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers
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| Threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches this level, at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally
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| All-or-none Response | either it is going to contract to its maximum, or it wont at all.
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| Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction
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| Contraction Phase | time of contraction
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| Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes
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| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| Recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated
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| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | is needed for energy for muscle contraction
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| ATP is produced... | in the mitochondria
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| The three types of muscle | skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen
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| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen
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| Oxygen Debt | is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells.
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| Muscles Fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells
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| Isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process
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| Isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle does not change, but the length does in the contraction process
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| Muscle Tone | refers to the constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long periods of time.
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| Fast-Twitch Fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly
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| Slow-Twitch Fibers | contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue
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| Origin | (head) is the most stationary end of the muscle
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| Insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement
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| Belly | between the origin and the insertion
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| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements
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| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another
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| Prime Mover | a muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement
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| Muscles are name according to... | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function.
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| Facial Muscles | occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinators, zygomaticus, levator labii superioris, depressor anguli oris
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| Mastication | chewing
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| 4 pairs of mastication | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter
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| Tongue Muscles | intrinsic and extrinsic
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| Neck Muscle | sternocleidomastoid
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| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows
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| Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crowfeet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye
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| Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips
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| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpets muscle
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| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle
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| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering
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| DePressor Anguli Oris | frowning
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| Instinsic Tongue Muscle | change shape of the tongue
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| Extrinsic Muscle | moves the tongue
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| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head.
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| Hamstring Muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh
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