Chapter 15 Glossary
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| Acoustic Neuroma | Also called vestibular schwannoma; a benign tumor arising from nerve cells of the auditory nerve
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| After-Cataract | When a cataract is removed from the eye, the physician opts to retain the posterior outermost shell so there remains an organic separation between the posterior and anterior chambers. Later, this remaining shell may develop opacities as well, and this is
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| Anterior Segment | The cornea up to the vitreous body which includes the aqueous humor, iris, and lens
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| Aqueous Humor | A clear, salty fluid filling the area behind the cornea and up to the lens. Aqueous humor fills the anterior chamber (between back of the cornea and the iris) and posterior chamber (peripheral part of the iris to the lens) of the eye
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| Blepharoplasty | Surgical repair of the eyelid
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| Cataract | Flaws or clouding that develop in the crystalline lens
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| Cerumen | Ear wax
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| Cholesteatoma | A benign growth of the skin in the middle ear, usually caused by chronic otitis media
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| Choroid | The middle vascular layer between the retina and the sclera in the posterior segment of the eye. The choroid nourishes the retina
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| Ciliary body | A thickened layer of the vascular tunic which contains the muscle that controls the shape of the lens
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| Cochlea | An inner ear structure that looks like a snail shell. It is divided into two canals and the organ of Corti
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| Conduction | Receptions or conveyance of sound, heat, or electricity. Sound waves are conducted to the inner ear through bones in the skull
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| Conjunctiva | A thin protective layer lining the eyelid and covering the sclera
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| Cornea | The bay window of the eye. The cornea has five layers, and they act to refract the light entering the eye
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| Crystalline Lens | A convex disc suspend on threads just behind the iris
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| Dacryolith | Calculus in the lacrimal sac or duct
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| Endolymph | Fluid within the semicircular canals and the tubes of the cochlea of the inner ear
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| Enucleation | Removal of a structure as the eyeball
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| Esotropia | A condition where the eye deviates inward
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| Eustachian Tube | A tube in the ear linking the middle ear to the nasopharynx. This tube equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the outer world
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| Evisceration | A procedure where the contents if the eyeball are scooped out but the sclera shell remains connected to the eye muscles so that a prosthesis fitted into the globe will have natural movement
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| Exenteration | Removal of a complete structure and the surrounding skin, fat, muscle, and bone
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| External Auditory Meatus | Pathway from the pinna (outer ear) to the tympanic membrane
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| Extropia | A condition where the eye deviates outward
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| Glaucoma | A hypertensive condition of the eye caused by too much pressure from fluid
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| Goniotomy | A procedure where an opening is made in the trabecular meshwork of the front part of the eye. The provider uses a goniolens during the procedure
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| Hypertropia | A condition where the eye deviates upward
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| Incus | A tiny (ossicle) in the middle ear
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| Iris | A muscular ring around the pupil regulating the amount of light that enters the pupil. Also known as our source of eye color
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| Limbus | The border where the cornea meets the sclera. Also known as the sclerocorneal junction
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| Malleus | A tiny bone (ossicle) in the middle ear that picks up vibration fro the tympanic membrane
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| Mastoid | A bone in the skull just behind the ear containing tiny air cells that also form a conductive path for sound
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| Mastoiditis | Inflammation or infection of the mastoid bone
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| Meneire's Disease | The most common form of peripheral vertigo, accompanied by hearing loss and tinnitus. The cause is unknown, although the symptoms may be caused by an increase in fluid pressure iin the ear
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| Microtia | A congenital deformity of the ear whereby the pinna (external ear) is underdeveloped
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| Nystagmus | Reflexive jerky eye movements as a response to the messages of the inner ear
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| Optic Nerve | The nerve that transmits images from the eye to the brain. Damage to the optic nerve can result in loss of or impaired vision
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| Ossicles | Three tiny bones in the middle ear; malleus, incus, and staples
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| Otitis Media | Middle ear infection
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| Oval Window | A membrane covered window from the inner ear to the middle ear
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| Perilymph | Surrounds the semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule of the vestibular system, and it surrounds the ducts in the cochlea. Inner channels are filled with endolymph
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| Puncta | Tiny openings of the tear ducts
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| Pupil | The opening of the center of the eye where the light enters
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| Refraction | Bending and focusing of light rays into a sharp image
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| Retina | Layer of tissue in the back of the eye that is light sensitive
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| Retinal Detachment | The retina is freed from the blood-rich choroid at the back of the eye. When the retinal layer floats away, it loses its supply of nutrients. Nutrients must return or vision is lost
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| Retrobulbar | Space behind the eye
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| Round Window | A membrane-covered window that separates the middle ear from the inner ear, allowing vibrations to pass through the cochlea
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| Sclera | The white outer skin of the eye, and is covered with a thin protective layer of conjunctiva layer of conjunctiva
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| Sclerocorneal junction | The ring where the cornea meets the sclera. Also known as the limbus
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| Secondary Cataract | See After-Cataract
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| Semicircular Canals | Three tiny tubes in the inner ear filled with fluid (endolymph) to assist in balance
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| Stapes | Tiny stirrup-shaped bone (ossicle) in the middle ear
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| Strabismus | A condition where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other
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| Tenon's Capsule | Connective tissue surrounding the posterior eyeball
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| Trachoma | Bacterial infection of the eyes
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| Tympanic Membrane | Thin, delicate tissue separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The tympanic membrane is part of the inner ear
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| Uvea | The area beneath the sclera where the iris, choroid, and ciliary body meet
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| Vestibular Schwannoma | A benign tumor arising from nerve cells of the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve), also known as an acoustic neuroma
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| Vestibule | Inner part of the ear connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains the sense organs responsible for balance
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| Vertigo | A whirling or spinning perception of motion resulting in the loss of balance
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| Visual Field | The total are that can be seen by peripheral vision
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| Vitreous Humor | A gel-like mass that fills the large posterior segment of the eye
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