Plate Boundries-Study Guide Information
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| The Earth's crust is the thinnest in the __________________. | Ocean
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| Continental crust is made mostly of the the rock _____________. | Granite
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| The Earth's lithosphere is broken into separate sections called ______. | Plates
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| When magma pushes through the oceanic crust away from a mid-ocean ridge, it is known as _____________. | Seafloor spreading
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| The theory of ______________ ___________________ explains how the plates form and move. | Plate tectonics
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| The lithosphere is part of the ____________________ and crust and is made of solid rock. | Mantle
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| A rift valley forms along a _____________boundary on land. | Divergent
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| A divergent boundary forms a ______________________ in the ocean. | Mid-ocean ridge
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| A __________ boundary creates faults and causes earthquakes. | Transform
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| A convergent boundary forms a ________________________ in the ocean. | Trench
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| Explain how Wegener used fossils as evidence to support his hypothesis of continental drift. | Wegener used evidence from fern and reptile fossils to explain that the continents were once together. He said the continents locations (for example Antarctica) would have been closer to the equator to support tropical fern plants and reptiles.
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| The super continent in Wegener’s theory of continental drift | Pangea
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| The process that constantly adds new rock to the ocean floor | Sea floor spreading
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| Circulating heat currents in the mantle that cause the plates to | Subduction
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| The hypothesis that continents move slowly is called continental ______________. | Drift
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| All continents once might have been connected in a large landmass called ____________. | Pangea
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| The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is a __________ current. | Convection
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| Seismic Waves | Are waves made by earthquakes.
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| Is the following sentence true or false? Earth is made up of layers. | True
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| Pressure | Is caused by a force pressing on an area.
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| Is the following sentence true or false? Earth's temperature decreases from the crust to the core. | False
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| The layer of Earth that is under the greatest pressure is the ______. | Core
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| Crust | Is a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin. Earth's ____ is the thinnest layer. It is only 5 to 70 kilometers thick.
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| Oceanic Crust | the crust that makes up the ocean floors is called _______. ________ is mostly made of a rock called basalt.
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| The crust that make sup the continents is called continental crust. Continental crust is made mostly of a rock called granite. Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. | <---That information
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| Mantle | Is the layer below the crust. The _____ is Earth's thickest layer. The _______ has three layers.
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| Lithosphere | The top layer of the mantle, along with the crust, is the __________. The top layer of the mantle is hard rock.
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| Asthenosphere | The middle layer of the mantle is the ______. The middle layer, is soft rock, like hot road tar. The bottom layer of the mantle is also hard rock.
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| The top layer of the mantle is part of the ________. | Crust
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| The layer of the mantle is made of soft rock is the ____________. | Lithosphere
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| Core | The _______ is Earth's inside layer. The _____ has two layers: the outer core and the inner core.
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| Outer core | The ______ is made of liquid metal. The liquid metal flows in currents. The currents make Earth act like a giant magnet, with north and south poles that attract iron.
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| Inner core | The _______ is made of solid metal. The _______ is solid because it is under so much pressure.
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| Radiation | Is the transfer of energy through space. For example, sunlight travels through space by radiation and warm earths surface. radiation also explains why your hand gets warm when you hold them near a fire.
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| Conduction | Is the transfer of heat between objects that are touching. If you touch a hot pot, heat travels from the pot to your hand by a ________________.
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| Convection | Is the transfer of heat by the movement of particles in fluids such as water. Moving particles transfer heat throughout the fluid.
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| The kind of heat transfer that warms Earth's surface on a sunny day is ___________. | Radar
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| The transfer of heat by the movement of particles in fluids is ___________. | Convection
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| Remember convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of particles in fluids. This movement of particles is called a __________. | Convection current
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| A __________ _____________ starts when there are differences in temperature and density in a fluid. A _______ is the amount of mass in a given volume of substance feels heavy for its size. | Convection current and Density
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| The layers of Earth that have convection currents are the mantle and ___________________. | The outer core
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| Earth's surface is broken into many jagged pieces. The surface is like he shell of a hard-boiled egg that has been dropped. The pieces of Earth's surface are called ____________. _____ carry continents, ocean floors, or both. | Plates
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| Jagged pieces of Earth's surface are called ________. | Plates
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| Is the following true or false? Earth's plates only carry continents. | False
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| A ____________ is a break in Earth's crust where blocks of rock have slipped past each other. | Fault
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| Where two plates move apart, the boundary is called a ________. A ________ forms a mid-ocean ridge. | Divergent boundary
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| A _________ boundary between two continental plates forms a deep valley called a ___________. | Divergent and rift valley
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| Where two plates push together, the boundary is called a _________. A _____________ boundary between two oceanic plates forms a deep ocean trench. | Convergent boundary
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| when two plates slide past each other in opposite directions, the plate boundary is called a _____________. At a ________ boundary earthquakes may occur. | Transform
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| The edges of two plates meet at a plate ___________. | Boundary
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| A break in Earth's crust where blocks of rock have slipped past each other is a _____________. | Fault
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