| Question |
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| Answer |
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| caloric theory |
A theory that defined thermal energy as an substance that flowed from hot bodies into cold bodies.
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| calorie (cal) |
The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree C |
| conduction |
The flow of thermal energy from an object to another object through contact. |
| conductors |
Any substance that will allow the flow of thermal energy; in electricity, a substance that holds its valence electrons loosely, allowing the flow of electricity. |
| convection |
The flow of thermal energy from one place to another by the movement of particles. |
| convection current |
A mass of moving particles that carries thermal energy. |
| entropy |
The amount of disorder and randomness in a system, unusable energy. |
| heat |
The kinetic energy present within the particles of matter; the transfer of thermal energy. |
| heat of fusion |
The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase. |
| heat of vaporization |
The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase. |
| insulators |
A substance that does not conduct electricity or heat very well. |
| kilocalorie (kcal) |
1000 calories |
| kinetic theory of thermal energy |
Identifies the thermal energy of an object with the motion of its particles. |
| R-value |
A measurement of the insulating ability of a substance. |
| radiation |
The transportation of thermal energy without the use of matter. |
| specific heat |
The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 10 C. |
| temperature |
The measure of the average kinetic energy in a material. |
| thermal equilibrium |
When the average kinetic energy of the particles of two objects are at the same temperature and conduction stops. |
| thermal expansion |
An increase in the volume of a substance caused by the addition of thermal energy. |
| thermodynamics |
The branch of physics that deals with thermal energy. |
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