*Chemistry Definitions* As Level
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| Term |
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| Definition |
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| Homologous Series |
A series of compounds with the same functional group, the same general formula, and where one member differs from the next by CH2 |
| Empirical Formula |
Shows the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present in one molecule |
| Molecular Formula |
Shows the actual number of atoms present in one moleculae |
| Structural Formula |
Shows each atom in the molecule seperately and how it is bonded. A more condenced way is to show the groupings around each carbon atom. |
| Isomers |
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula. |
| Homolytic Fission |
When a bond breaks and one electron goes to each atom |
| Heterolytic Fission |
When a bond breaks and both electrons go to the same atom. |
| Substitution |
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms are replaced by another atom or groups of atoms. |
| Addition |
A reaction in which two molecules react together to form a single product. |
| Elimination |
A reaction in which elements of a simple molecule such as HBr are removed without being replaced by an atom or groups of atoms |
| Hydrolysis |
A reaction in which water splits an orgainc into two components. |
| Free Radical |
A species with a single unpaired electron |
| Nucleophile |
A species which seeks out positive centres, and must have a lone pair of electrons ehich it donates to form a new dative covalent bond. |
| Electrophile |
A species which seeks out negative centres, and accepts a lone pair of electrons to form a new dative covalent bond. |
| Number of moles in relation to concentration |
Moles = Concentration / Volume (dm3) |
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