WVSOM -- Hypothalamus and Pituitary
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| What are the functions of the hypothalamus? | food/water intake, sleep/wakefulness, growth, circadian clock, pituitary gland, parental behavior, temperature regulation, mineral/carb metabolism, reproduction
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| What makes up the posterior pituitary? | pars nervosa, median eminence and infundibulum
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| What makes up the anterior pituitary? | pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia
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| What are the hormones released from the posterior pituitary? | ADH and oxytocin
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| What is the function of the pituitary gladn? | master gland
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| What is secreted from anterior pituitary gland? | TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, GF and ACTH
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| What are the activities of ADH? | inc. water uptake by kidney, arterial and venous constriction, stimulate ACTH release and stimulate spermaticord contraction
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| What for things affect release of ADH? | rapid changes in osmolality, drinking, pregnancy and aging
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| What are the 2 clinical problems associated with ADH? | Diabetes insipidis and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
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| What stimulates ADH secretion? (10) | inc ECF osmolality, dec. pressure at barorecptors in cardiac sinus/aortic arch, dec. pressure at baroreceptors in pulmonary venous system, inc sodium in CSF, angiotension II, pain, nausea/vomiting, stress, hypoglycemia and drugs
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| What inhibits ADH secretion? (10) | dec ECF osmolaltiy, volume inc., decrease in temp, alpha adrenergic agonist, gamma aminobutyric acid, EtOH, cortisol, thyroid hormone, ANP, Lithium
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| What are the 3 kinds of diabetes insipidis? | Hypothalamic DI, Nephrogenic DI, and Dipsogenic DI
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| What is hypothalamic DI? | deficiency in ADH
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| What is nephrogenic DI? | renal resistance to ADH
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| What is the primary regulatory mechanism to ADH release? | plasma osmolality
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| What is dipsogenic DI? | excessive water drinking
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| What is the primary cause of hypoosmolality encountered in clinical practice? | SIAD
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| What can cause SIAD? | neoplastic disease, CNS disorders, Pulmonary disease, drugs
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| What characterizes SIAD Types A-D? | characterized by plasma ADH in relationship to osmolality
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| What stimulates secretion of oxytocin? | suckling, estradiol and fergusson reflex
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| What inhibits secretion of oxytocin? | opiods and catecholamines
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| What does oxytocin do? | milk ejection, uterine contractions, behavior, ovulation, ejaculation
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| What receptor mediates activities of oxytocin? | Gq receptor
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| What influcences the release of prolactin? | dopamine, thryotropin releasing horone and somatostatin
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| What are the functions of prolactin? | lactation, reproduction and lymphocyte growth factor
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| What pathway is activated by prolactin? | JAK/STAT pathway
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| What does over excretion of prolactin cause? | hypersecretion, lack of menstral cycles or low sperm production.
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| What inhibits prolactin secretion? | dopamine and prolactin
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