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WVSOM -- Physio

WVSOM -- Hypothalamus and Pituitary

QuestionAnswer
What are the functions of the hypothalamus? food/water intake, sleep/wakefulness, growth, circadian clock, pituitary gland, parental behavior, temperature regulation, mineral/carb metabolism, reproduction
What makes up the posterior pituitary? pars nervosa, median eminence and infundibulum
What makes up the anterior pituitary? pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia
What are the hormones released from the posterior pituitary? ADH and oxytocin
What is the function of the pituitary gladn? master gland
What is secreted from anterior pituitary gland? TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, GF and ACTH
What are the activities of ADH? inc. water uptake by kidney, arterial and venous constriction, stimulate ACTH release and stimulate spermaticord contraction
What for things affect release of ADH? rapid changes in osmolality, drinking, pregnancy and aging
What are the 2 clinical problems associated with ADH? Diabetes insipidis and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
What stimulates ADH secretion? (10) inc ECF osmolality, dec. pressure at barorecptors in cardiac sinus/aortic arch, dec. pressure at baroreceptors in pulmonary venous system, inc sodium in CSF, angiotension II, pain, nausea/vomiting, stress, hypoglycemia and drugs
What inhibits ADH secretion? (10) dec ECF osmolaltiy, volume inc., decrease in temp, alpha adrenergic agonist, gamma aminobutyric acid, EtOH, cortisol, thyroid hormone, ANP, Lithium
What are the 3 kinds of diabetes insipidis? Hypothalamic DI, Nephrogenic DI, and Dipsogenic DI
What is hypothalamic DI? deficiency in ADH
What is nephrogenic DI? renal resistance to ADH
What is the primary regulatory mechanism to ADH release? plasma osmolality
What is dipsogenic DI? excessive water drinking
What is the primary cause of hypoosmolality encountered in clinical practice? SIAD
What can cause SIAD? neoplastic disease, CNS disorders, Pulmonary disease, drugs
What characterizes SIAD Types A-D? characterized by plasma ADH in relationship to osmolality
What stimulates secretion of oxytocin? suckling, estradiol and fergusson reflex
What inhibits secretion of oxytocin? opiods and catecholamines
What does oxytocin do? milk ejection, uterine contractions, behavior, ovulation, ejaculation
What receptor mediates activities of oxytocin? Gq receptor
What influcences the release of prolactin? dopamine, thryotropin releasing horone and somatostatin
What are the functions of prolactin? lactation, reproduction and lymphocyte growth factor
What pathway is activated by prolactin? JAK/STAT pathway
What does over excretion of prolactin cause? hypersecretion, lack of menstral cycles or low sperm production.
What inhibits prolactin secretion? dopamine and prolactin
Created by: tjamrose
 

 



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