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DEFINITIONS

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Term
Definition
Karyotype   The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species  
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Genotype   The genetic constitution of an individual organism  
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Phenotype   The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of it's genotype with the environment  
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Mitosis   A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.  
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Meiosis   A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.  
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punnet square   A diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.  
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Monohybrid cross   A mating between individuals who have different alleles at one genetic locus of interest.  
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Mendelian ratios   The ratio of occurrence of various phenotypes in any cross involving Mendelian characters; especially : the 3:1 ratio shown by the second filial generation of offspring from parents differing in respect to a single character  
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autosomal   Autosomal recessive is one of several ways that a trait, disorder, or disease can be passed down through families. An autosomal recessive disorder means two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop.  
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