Chapter 1-5 Quiz
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| Environment | Circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or a group of organisms as well as the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual.
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| Environmental Science | The systematic study of our environment and our place in it.
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| Sustainability | A search for ecological stability and human progress that can last over time. "Happy Medium"
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| Sustainable Development | Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
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| What is your environment | Where you live, go to school, and just live your life.
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| Difference between environmental science and environmentalists? | They have separate goals. Environmentalists work to influence attitudes and policies toward our environment.
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| What must be true for sustainable development to endure? | Resources must be available to everybody and they must be equal.
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| Observation | Facts gathered using five senses
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| Hypothesis | Educated guess based on observations
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| Experiment | The testing of the hypothesis
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| Date | Facts gathered during the experiment
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| Interpreting the results | Logical conclusions backed by data
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| Producers | They create carbohydrates and other compounds using just sunlight, air, and water. Example: Elm Tree, Fern, and other "green plants"
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| Photosynthesis | The process of CO2 and H20 to make food and oxygen. Example: Plants
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| Cellular Respiration | Animals eat plans and take in oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O.
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| Species | A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of breeding. Example: Humans and Mammals
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| Population | Consists of all the members of a species living in a give area at the same time.
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| Biological community | All the population of organisms living and interacting in a particular area. Examples: Mosquitoes, squirrels, and birds.
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| Ecosystem | All the population of organisms living and interacting in a particular area. Example: Everglades
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| Food Web | Individual food chains become interconnected to form web.
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| Consumer | Must eat their food, cannot 'make' their own food.
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| How is the sun the ultimate source of energy? | Because all the food webs start with producers and the sun is a producer.
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| Carnivores | Flesh eaters. Example: Lions, wolves, cats, dogs
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| Herbivore | Plant eaters. Example: rabbits, mice, and elephants
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| Omnivore | Eats both plants and flesh. Example: Humans, bears, and bats
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| Decomposer | Fungi and bacter. Complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials. Example: Ants and beetles
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| Hydrologic Cycle | The path that water passes from the atmosphere to the land and back.
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| Why is water so important to our environment? | Because we need it for everything.
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| Carbon Cycle | The process by which carbon is converted in the environment, from the atmosphere to land and back again.
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| What are the 2 purposes of carbon for organisms? | It's our food and structure. (Bones, DNA, and Food)
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| Adaptation | The genetic acquisition of traits that allow a species to survive in its environment.
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| What is the difference between adaptation and acclimation? Give an example. | The difference is that acclimation cannot be given to future generations Tanning in the summer.
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| Natural Selection | Process of the fittest individuals surviving to pass their genetic traits to the next generation.
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| Give and example of Natural Selection | White mice passing on their white fur to their offspring.
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| Critical Factor | The single factor in shortest supply relative to demand.
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| Give an example of a Critical Factor | The giant saguaro cactus cannot live in cold temperatures, because it will die.
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| Tolerance Limits | Each environmental factor has both minimum and maximum beyond which a particular species cannot survive.
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| How are tolerance limits and critical factors difference? | Because with a critical factor it actually limits where you can live.
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| Habitat | Describes a set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives.
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| Ecological Niche | Both the role played by a species in a biological community and the habitat.
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| Endemic Species | A species that occur only in one area.
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| How is an ecological niche different from a habitat? | It is different because it is more functional than a habitat, and describes both the role played and set of environmental factors.
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| Give an example of an endemic species in it's habitat. | A giant panda in the mountainous bamboo forests of South Western China.
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| Native Species | An organism that is living in an area for entirely natural reasons without human intervention.
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| Keystone Species | Plays a critical role in a biological community.
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| Diversity | The number of species in the area
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| Why is diversity important? | Because it indicates how many different types of ecological niches and genetic variations there are in a community.
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| Abundance | Number of actual individuals in an area.
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| How are abundance and diversity related? | They are opposites. If diversity is up abundance is down.
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| Competition | A struggle that occurs between same or different species when there is not enough resources for all.
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| Name 3 things that species compete for | Food, Mates, and Habitat
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| 3 factors that limit where a species can live | Physiological, competition, and predation
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| Physiological | Stress that is due to abnormally high levels of some critical environmental factors such as: moisture, light, temperature, pH, or other specific nutrients.
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| Predation | Which includes parasites and other diseases.
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| Carrying capacity | Maximum number of individuals earth can support.
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| Ecological footprint | How much Earth we use based on our lifestyle.
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| Zero Population Growth | Occurs when births plus immigration in a population just equal deaths plus emigration.
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| What is ecological debt? | The use of more resources than Earth can sustain.
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| Current ecological debt? | One-third more than Earth can sustain for a long period of time.
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| What are the 3 different perspectives on population growth | Overpopulation, human ingenuity, technology, and enterprise, and there is enough resources for all.
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| Major event in human history that triggered the most population growth? | Industrial revolution
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| Biome | Biological communities with environments that occur in different conditions of temperature. Vary with latitude.
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| How many different terrestrial (Land) biomes are there on Earth? | 9
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| Biodiversity | The number and variety of species.
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| Why is biodiversity considered good? | Because it helps maintain stability, or it can help a system recover from a disturbance.
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| Is there a time when Biodiversity could be considered bad? | It could be considered bad because if there is too much diversity there could be too much competition.
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| Invasive Species | Organisms that thrive in new territory where they are free of predators, diseases, or resource limitations.
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| 3 kinds of biodiversity that are essential to preserve ecological systems and function? | Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecological diversity
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| Genetic diversity | The variety of DNA with in individual species.
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| Species diversity | The number of difference kinds of organisms with in community.
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| Ecological diversity | The complexity of a biological community.
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