Chapter 5 Genetics - Vocabulary
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| Dominant trait | Genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
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| Genetics | Study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
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| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| Hybrid | when the two alleles are different - another name for heterozygous
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| Recessive trait | Genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor
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| Allele | Different form of a gene
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| Codominance | Occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring's phenotype
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| Gene | Section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
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| Genotype | Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait (letters)
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| Heterozygous | If the two alleles of a gene are different
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| Homozygous | When the two alleles of a gene are the same
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| Incomplete dominance | Occurs when the offspring's phenotype is a combination of the parent's phenotypes
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| Phenotype | How a trait appears or is expressed (physically look like)
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| Polygenic inheritance | Occurs when the multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
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| Punnett Square | Model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
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| DNA | Organism's genetic material
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| Mutation | Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
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| Nucleotide | Molecule made of a nitrogen base, sugar, and a phosphate group that forms the basic structural unit of DNA
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| Replication | Process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
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| RNA | a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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| Transcription | Process of making mRNA from DNA
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| Translation | Process of making a protein from RNA
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| purebred | when alleles are the same - another term for homozygous
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