Chromosomal Structure
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| When two strands of DNA are twisted around each other this occurs | Supercoiling
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| DNA plus protein | Chromatin
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| Highly condensed, darkly staining chromatin. Tend to be transcriptionally inactive | Heterochromatin
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| Less dense, lightly staining, transcriptionally active chromatin | Euchromatin
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| Proteins that form octameric complexes, which eukaryotic DNA wraps around | Histones
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| How many major types of histones are there | Six
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| What histones binds the linker regions between teh octamers | H1
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| What charge do histones carry | Positive
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| Does histone binding occur through the cell cycle | Yes
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| Histone octamers and associated DNA, not including the linker regions | Nucleosomes
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| There are ... types of histones in an octorm, ... copies of each type | Four, Two
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| What is the DNA that wraps around an octomer called | Core DNA
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| What are the stretches of DNA between octormers called | Linker DNA
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| Nucleosomes coil around each other to form hallow tubes known as | Solenoids
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| Chromosomal condensation during prophase also involves solenoids tangling in complex patterns to form the mitotic (or meiotic) chromosomes | Solenoid Tangling
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| The second most abundant class of chromatin protein | Scaffold proteins
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| The most abundant class of chromatin protein | Histones
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| These proteins probably tie the solenoids together to form the condensed, mitotic chromosomes, They also maintian supercoiling. | Scaffold protiens
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| One identified scaffold protein is | Topoisomerase II
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| The dark staining regions, which are beleived to consit of more tighly packed DNA seen on chromosomes | Bands
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| The region of a chromosome that is bound to the mitotic spindle | Centromere
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| Chromosomes are categorized based on the position of their | Centromeres
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| Central centromeres | Metacentric
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| Off center centromeres | Submetacentric
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| Centromeres towards the end | Acrocentric
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| Centromeres at the ends (do ont occur in humans) | Telocentric
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| Chromosomes are divided by the centromere into two regions know as | Arms
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| The shorter arm of a chromosome is call the ... while the longer arm is call the | P arm, Q arm
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| The ends of chromosomes | Telomeres
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| These protect the chromosome ends from damage | Telomeres
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| The number, size and banding patterns of all mitotic chromosomes | Karyotypes
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| All DNA controlling the genetics of a cellular unit | Genome
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