Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| heredity | the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
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| trait | each different form of a characteristic such as stem height or seed color
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| genetics | the scientific study of heredity
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| fertilization | when egg and sperm join and a new organism begins to form
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| purebred | offspring of many generations that have the same trait
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| gene | factors that control a trait
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| alleles | different forms of a gene; for example, the gene that controls the stem height in peas has one allele for tall stems, another allele for short stems
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| dominant allele | the trait always shows up in the organism when it is present
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| recessive allele | the trait is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
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| hybrid | one of these has two different alleles for a trait; for example, plants are tall because the dominant allele for tall stems masks the recessive allele for short stems.
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| probability | a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
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| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that come from a genetic cross
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| phenotype | an organism's appearance or physical traits
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| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations
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| homozygous | an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait, for example SS or ss
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| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait, for example Ss
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| codominance | a condition in which neither of two alleles in a gene is dominant or recessive
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| chromosome theory of inheritance | according to this, genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
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| chromosomes | made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string
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| meiosis | chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two different cells. the resulting cells have only half as many chromosomes as other cells in the organism
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| genes contain __________ | the code that determines the structure of a protein
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| nitrogen bases | the order of these along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what kind of protein will be produced
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| mutation | can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis; for example, changing the order of nitrogen bases on a chromosome on a gene
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| messenger RNA | during protein synthesis, it copies the coded messages from the DNA in the nucleus and carries this message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
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| transfer RNA | carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein
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Created by:
ashie11
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