exam
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| Temp, wind direction and speed, Precipitation, cloud cover, humidity and barometric pressure | Weather
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| Atmosphere conditions, averaged over a specific time period | Climate
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| Composition of the Atmosphere(NITROGEN) | 78%(N2)
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| Composition of the Atmosphere(OXYGEN) | 21%(O2)
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| Composition of the Atmosphere(ARGON) | <1%(Ar)
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| Composition of the Atmosphere(CARBON DIOXIDE) | 0.036%(CO2)
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| Layer nearest to earth extends up to 10 km temp decreases with altitude all weather is contained within this layer upper boundary is the troposphere | ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS(TROPOSPHERE)
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| Temp decreases with increasing altitude Meteorites, burn in this layer meteor shower | ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS(MESOSPHERE)
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| Temp increases with increasing altitude Due to the ozone layer Jetstream in the lower part | ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS(STRATOSPHERE)
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| Outermost Layer temp increases with increasing altitude Absorbing high level energy from the sun northern lights within this layer | ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS(THERMOSPHERE)
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| Average Kinetic energy of the atoms of the atoms of molecules.(RELATED TO THE ABSORPTION OF SOLAR RADIATION) | Temp
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| Total kinetic energy dependent on mass | Heat
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| Influences the amount of solar radiation received. Rotates every 24 hours | Earth Motions
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| Tilt of earth? | 23.5
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| Earth is closest to the sun on? | Jan 6
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| Earth is furthest from the sun in? | July
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| Northern Hemisphere | Sept 22-23
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| Winter Solstice | Dec 21-22
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| Spring equinox | March 20-21
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| Summer solstice | June 21-22
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| Requires a solid mass | Conduction
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| Requires liquid or gas. Density driven warm buoyant | Convection
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| No mass required, cant travel through space | Radiation
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| High energy | Short wavelengths
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| low energy | Longer wavelengths
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| Measured in calories of joules, energy required to change from liquid to gas and solid to gas | Heat energy
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| Stored or hidden heat used during a phase change | Latent Heat
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| LATENT HEAT OF(VAPORIZATION) | Endothermic
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| LATENT HEAT OF(CONDENSATION) | Exothermic
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| LATENT HEAT OF(FUSION) | Ice to water
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| Amount of water vapor in the air | Humidity
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| Max amount of water vapor, depending on air temp | Saturated Air
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| Capacity | Is temp dependent
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| Can hold more Moisture | Warmer
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| Can hold less moisture | Colder
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| Pressure is the mass of air under the force of gravity | Vapor Pressure
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| Relative Humidity | Given as a percent
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| temp at which the specific humidity is equal to saturation quality | Dew point
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| Dry bulb | Actual temp
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| Wet bulb | lower depending on the amount of evaporation
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| Adiabatic temp changers occur when | air is compressed
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| Descending air is compressed | R.H decreases
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| Air will cool | R.H increases
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| Cold Front coming into an area | Frontal wedging
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| In areas with Mountains Forceful lifting from below | Orographic lifting
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| where air is flowing together and rising | Convergence
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| Lifting influenced by land surfaces. | Localized Convective
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| How does the air temp change as an air parcel rises | Temp decreases, air parcel cools
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| what happens to relative humidity as an air parcel rises | Relative humidity increases
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| How does the air temp change as an air parcel descends | Temp increases
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| What happens to relative humidity as an air parcel descends | R.H decreases
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| High level or wispy or curly, completely made of ice and or crystals | Cirrus
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| Blanketing an area. Moderate levels. rain associated. nimbo stratus may be associated with a warm front | Stratus
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| Larger, puffy clouds. Fair weather. Evidence of differential heating. | Cumulus
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| A cloud with its base at or very near the ground. | Fog
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| Surface, over a large area warm moist air comes onto the land. R.H goes up until its 1oo% then fog forms | Advection fog
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| Forms on cool clear nights, usually in valleys where the cool air is setting | Radiation fog
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| On the windward side of a mountain range | Unslope fog
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| during fall, In the evening or early morning air over the water is warmer and has more specific humidity | Steam fog
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| Most common process can form rain or snow but starts as ice crystals | Bergeron Process
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| Pure water can remain suspended in the air as a liquid down to -40*c. Pure water droplets | Supercoiling
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| R.H gets above 100% S.C and S.S= rapid formation of ice crystals | Super saturation
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| On a global scale | Convection
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| warm air rises at the equator. low pressure center develops near the equator. Doldrums air flow | Hudley cell
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| Instrument used to measure air pressure | Barometer
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| Result of variations in atmosphere pressure related to differential heating. | wind
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| Blows fro areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. similar to water flowing down hill | wind
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| Lines on a map connecting points of equal air pressure. | isobars
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| Moves from high to low | wind
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| sinking and warming due to pressure and adiabatic warming | cool dry air
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| downward and out from high pressure center | air flow
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| Continental Polar | CP, Midwest cold air from canada
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| Mavitime Polar | MP, over the pacific ocean
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| Mavitime Tropical | MT, humid and warm
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| Continental Tropical | CT, dry air and warm
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| over takes warm air(CP->MT) | Cold air
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| forces warm air upward | cold air
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| (cold fronts)- cumulonimbus clouds higher relative humidity likely to have precipitation lower air pressures | ahead
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| (cold Fronts)- clearing skies rising pressure lower relative humilities. | behind
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| vertical profile | warm front
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| usually results in stratus clouds | warm front
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| cold front over takes a warm front | occluded front
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| may develop a low pressure center | occluded front
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| associated with mid-latitude cyclone | occluded front
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| cold air flows in one direction warm air flows in opposite direction can cause flooding | stationary
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| violent wind storm, rotating column of air that extends down from a cumulonimbus cloud. | tornadoes
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| combined winds with thunderstorm(cold front) and down draft heavy rain or hail. | Microbursts
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| caused by the rapid expansion of air around a lightning bolt | thunder
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| controls on global climate change | Climate variabilty
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| Sunspot cycle little ice age in Europe | solar output
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| maunder minimum | solar output
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| associated with warming | green house
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| saw tooth pattern- precessive, obliquity-tilt, eccentricity | milankovitch cycles
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| long term | plate tectonics
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| influences the temp range | precipitation
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| vertical growth R.H is higher as air mass is forced upward and cooling | cumulonimbus clouds
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| occurs between oppositely charged particles within a cloud | Sheet lightning
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| Occurring between the cloud and something on the land surface (trees, and high buildings) | forked lightning
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| low pressure, wind speed 0-38? | tropical depression
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| wind speeds 38-74 mph with lots of rain | tropical storm
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| rotating wall of cumulonimbus clouds often with lighting | wall cloud
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| center of a very strong hurricane | eye
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| arms of clouds with great amount of precipitation | rain bands
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| Airflow that is most common with severe weather | Airflow inwards and upwards
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| What cloud type is most common with severe weather | cumulonimbus
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| Tornadoes is the Midwest are when | Spring and summer
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| Southeast Tornadoes occur when | summer to fall
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| Two characteristic of hurricanes that cause the most damage | High winds and Flooding
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| What does the self-ionization of water cause that is related to severe weather | lighting
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| amount of incoming solar radiation | latitude
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| Temp decreases with increasing elevation | elevation
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| At 12 on Feb 7, the sun is directly overhead at | Some point between the tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward
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| The normal change in temp with altitude for a given location is the | environmental lapse rate
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| What is the 3 most abundant gases in the atmosphere | Nitrogen, oxygen, argon
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| When warm moist air moves over a cold surface as a commonly occurs in san Francisco this type of fog will occur | Advection fog
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| If fair weather is approaching the air pressure tendency would probably be | rising
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| Airflow near the equator is dominated by these wind patterns | doldrums
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| A typhoon is the same as a | hurricane
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| What is the range of wind speed for a tropical storm | 38-74 mph
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| If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of an | Warm front
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| Location near a large body of water generally have moderated climates due to the high specific heat of water | True
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