Tox Final
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on it to display the answer.
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| Hallucination | A perception where no stimulus exists
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| Hallucinogen | Group of drugs that alter perception of reality
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| What are some characteristics of hallucinogens? | hallucinations, paranoia, flashbacks, uncoordinated, body tremors
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| What are some characteristics of dissociative anesthetics? | hallucinations, blank stare, increased pain threshold, sensory distortions, repetitive speech
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| Albert Hoffman | First synthesized LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
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| Timothy Leary | Harvard professor who established Psychedelic Research Project. Founded League of Spiritual Development in 1966. (LSD as religious sacrament)
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| Neo-American Church | Founded by Arthur Kleps in 1966 (NYC). LAD, marijuana, mescaline as religious sacraments. Ultimate goal of man is bombardment and destruction of the planet Saturn
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| What are some common names for mescaline? | peyote, buttons, mescalito
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| What is the chief hallucinogen in the peyote plant? | mescaline
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| What is the typical dose of mescaline? | 200-500 mg of HCl salt form
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| What is the mechanism of action for mescaline? | serotonergic agonist
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| What is the half life of mescaline? How long does its effects last? | Half Life: 6 hours
Duration: 12 hours
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| What are some effects of mescaline? | GI distress, mydriasis, excessive sweating, hypertension, nystagmus, visual hallucinations, emotional instability, anxiety, panic
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| What was the initial use of PCP? (phencyclidine) | anesthetic for individuals with compromised cardiac function
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| What are the side effects of PCP? | delusions, delerium, hallucinations, seizures
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| What is the therapeutic index of PCP as compared to other anesthetics? | PCP: 10
Other Anesthetics: 2
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| What is the typical dose of PCP? | 5-10 mg oral dose
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| What is the duration of effects? | 4-6 hours with residual effects up to 24 hours
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| What forms can PCP be found in? | crystal (80% purity)
liquid for coating cigarettes (10-30% purity)
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| What are the physiological effects of PCP? | sympathetic: increased heart rate, reflexes, and blood pressure
parasympathetic: increased sweating, drooling, and pupil constriction
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| How is PCP administered? | PO, IV, IM
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| What is the half life of PCP? | 7-16 hours (2 compartment model)
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| What are the symptoms of PCP abuse? | RED DANES: red skin, enlarged pupils, delusions, dissociations, amnesia, nystagmus, excitement, skin dry
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| What plants contain belladonna alkaloids? | deadly nightshade, jimson weed
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| What is the natural alkaloid these plants contain? | scopolamine (l-hyoscine)
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| What is the active ingredient in Salvia divinorum? | Salvinorin A
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| What is the mechanism of action of Salvinorin A? | kappa opioid receptor agontst
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| What genus of mushrooms are shrooms? | psilocybin
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| What is the mechanism of action for shrooms? | serotonin receptor agonist
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| How does psilocybin work? | Absorbed in GI tract, producing hallucinations within 30 minutes and lasting about 6 hours
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| Ayahuasca Brew | Used by natives in Amazonian Peru, combination of DMT (dimethyltryptamine) and Banisteriopsis caapi (MAOI)
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