Flashcards for the NWHSU Methods 4 lecture final
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| The cervical range of motion allows for ___ degrees of vision in the horizontal plane and ____ degrees in the vertical plane. | 180; 120
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| In an infant prior to fusion the pelvis (not including the coccyx) is made up of ____ bones. | 11
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| The muscles of the back can be divided into how many layers? | 3
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| (T/F) An SI subluxation occurs when the ridges, grooves, and depressions are forced to lock in an uncomplimentary position. | True
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| About ____ degrees of torso rotation takes place in the lumbar area while the remainder takes place in the thoracic spine. | 10
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| The anatomical factors that allows for the lumbar lordosis are______. | the pyramid configuration and increasing interfacet distances
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| Movement in the sagittal plane equals rotation around the _____ axis. | X
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| Ligaments are composed of collagen tissue, they _____. | connect 2 or more bones together
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| Greater the height of the disc vs. vertebral body, there is _______ in the spinal segmental mobility. | an increase
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| According to H. Farfan 1973, the disc due to hydrostatic pressure and strong attachment to strong thick cortical bone plays a _____ in shock absorption. | little role
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| Movement in the coronal plane is rotation around the _____ axis. | Z
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| Movements of upper cervical and lower cervical can be/are _____ of each other. | independent
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| The cervical facet plane angle has been measured to be ______. | 45 degrees posterior and medial
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| (T/F) Intradiscal pressures prevent the growth of vascular and nerve structures deep into the disc, however in degenerated discs, vascular and nerve tissue present. | True
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| (T/F) The disc acts as a hydrostatic unit allowing for uniform distribution of pressure throughout the disc. | True
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| The subchondral bony surfaces of the pubis are | irregular in youth.
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| The weight of the trunk causes the sacrum to | nutate.
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| (T/F) The coccyx partially closes pelvic outlet and functions as an attachment for muscles which close the pelvic diaphragm | True
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| The most powerful ligaments of the body are _____ and ______. | sacrotuberous, sacrospinous
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| (T/F) The bilateral iliolumbar ligament could restrict flexion and extension of the lumbosacral junction and restricts rotation. | True
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| The typical coupled motion demonstrated by the sacrum during rotation of L5 is _______. | same side rotation with contralateral lateral flexion
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| The hyaline cartilage found in the SI joint is about 2-3mm on the ____ side. | sacral
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| The major function of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is to ______. | prevent abduction or distraction
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| The superior and inferior pubic ligaments have a yellowish color indicating a ______ content. | elastic
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| During everyday activities, the pubic symphysis is subjected to a variety of forces. These include traction on the inferior part of the joint and compression of the superior region when standing and compression when _____. | sitting
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| The form closure mechanism of the SI joints includes: shape of auricular surface, friction coefficient of cartilage, and _____. | integrity of joint ligaments
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| The weight of force of the trunk is born on the _____. | sacrum
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| During a single leg stance, there is a _____ force on the SI joint and a _____ force on the pubis. | torsional, shear
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| Inhalation is associated with _____. | counternutation and an decrease in spinal curves
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| (T/F) Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the sacrum coupled with minimal and inconsistent sacral rotation. | True
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| Movement at the sacroiliac joint also has _____ on forward shearing at the L5/S1 junction during the hip extension phase of gait. | a decreasing effect
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| (T/F) The transverse abdominus through the thoracolumbar fascia helps stabilize the lumbar spine. | True
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| (T/F) Iliopsoas contraction tilts the pelvis forward in standing posture counteracting the abdominal muscles. | True
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| (T/F) Due to the tension of the hip ligaments limiting extension, a self-locking mechanism is present reducing muscle action require to stand upright. | True
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| The hip joint is classified as a ______ joint. | ball and socket
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| Forces from extremities force the ilium into flexion and trunk force moves the sacrum into ______. | nutation
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| The keystone effect alone provides for a ______ closure. | form
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| Which muscle directly engages the pelvis and upper extremity? | Latissimus Dorsi
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| There are 45 muscles that attach to the pelvis. Of these muscles, which act as a prime mover of the SI joint? | None of the above
(List included Gluteus Maximus, Iliopsoas, Quadratus Femoris)
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| (T/F) The pelvic floor muscles function as a pump for lymphatic and venous movement in the pelvic floor. | True
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| (T/F) The proposed axis of motion of the sacroiliac articulation allows for a gyroscopic motion. | True
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| During the swing phase of the walking gait, the pelvis rotates anteriorly in the horizontal plane with the _____ glute contracting to stabilize the pelvis. | contralateral
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| The ischeofemoral ligament of the hip restricts motion in which directions? | Extension and internal rotation
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| Which muscle acts on 2 joints causing hip flexion and knee extension? | Rectus Femoris
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| The joint surface of the acetabulum is covered with ______. | hyaline cartilage
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| According to H. Farfan in his 1973 article, the disc plays _____ role in shock absorption and the cancellous bone of the vertebrae plays _____ role in shock absorption. | a small, a large
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| For 75% of adults, when standing the center of gravity ______ the vertebral column. | falls anterior to
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| (T/F) Full flexion results in all the muscles being relaxed except the iliocostalis thoracis and the trunk is supported by ligaments and passive muscle tension. | True
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| The increasing distance between facets in the lumbar spine will _____. | increase stability and increase extension
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| The thoracolumbar fascia has direct connections to the _______. | Transverse abdominus and internal oblique
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| The _______ ligament has the greatest effect on limiting flexion. | supraspinous
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| Extension is coupled with posterior glide causing _____ shift of the nucleus pulposus and wedging the disc with the sacral base moving ______. | anterior, anterior
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| (T/F) The sport a person plays regularly will have no effect on their lumbar lordosis. | False
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| In elderly patients you will generally see _____ in the lordosis. | a decrease
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| (T/F) The Erector Spinae/ Sacrospinalis from a standing position initiate spinal extension. | True
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| (T/F) Intradiscal pressure increases with erector spinae contraction. | True
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| The nucleus pulposus is made up of ______ water and a Mucopolysaccharide mix containing protein bound chondroitin sulfate, hylauronic acid, keratin sulfate. | 88%
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| Flexion is coupled with anterior glide causing the nucleus pulposus to shift _____ and causing a wedging of the disc with the sacral base moving _____. | posterior, posterior
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| (T/F) In the spine there are 2 types of ligaments, those that are segmental and those that are multi-segmental. | True
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| (T/F) The lumbothoracal fascia has direct connections to only the upper extremities. | False
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| (T/F) A type I curve is considered normal motion with lateral flexion and contralateral rotation, the spinous deviates toward the side of lateral flexion. | True
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| (T/F) During flexion form the neutral position, the spinal canal increases while extension decreases the canal. | True
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| The femoral and obutrator nerves receive fibers from the ____, ____, &____ lumbar nerve roots. | 2nd, 3rd, 4th
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| (T/F) According to Yamashita: A Morphological Study of the Fibrous Capsule of the Human Fibrous Capsule of the Human Facet Joint. Spine 21(5). The nociceptors and proprioceptors are located in the inferior fibers of the facet capsule. | True
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| (T/F) The type II curve indicates a muscular imbalance of the erector spinae, especially of the longissimus dorsi and spinalis portions and/or multifidus muscle. | True
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| According to Hasagawa: Morphometric Analysis of the Lumbosacral Nerve Roots and Dosal Root Ganglia by MRI. Spine 21(9). Which 2 IVF's contain 100% of the Dorsal Root Ganglion? | L3 & L4
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| (T/F) According to Parke & Whalen: The Vascular Pattern of the Human Dorsal Root Ganglion and its probable bearing on a compartment syndrome. Spine 27(4). The result of compression is impaired nutrition and ultimate endoneural fibrosis. | True
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| (T/F) A type III curve demonstrates a dominence of the quadratus lumborus and intertransversalis muscles. | True
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| (T/F) The dimensions of the canal are altered by a mechanism of folding and unfolding. Elastic deformation also occurs. | True
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| The greatest rotation range of motion is between L5 and S1. It is _____ degrees. | 5
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| (T/F) Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal are derived form the 1st lumbar and provide innervation to the skin of the buttock and pubic area along with muscles of abdomen. | True
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| (T/F) A type IV curve results from faulty disc mechanics or imbalance of the psoas or erector spinae. | False
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| The nerve roots exit _____ the disc through the foraminal opening. | above
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| In an unsupported sitting posture the intradiscal pressure is _____ due to psoas activation. | increased
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| The rotation between each segment from T10 to L5 is _____ degrees. | 2
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| The thoracic curve proceeds from _____ to ______. | T2, T12
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| In cervical to upper thoracic (T4) the couple motion is ______. | lateral flexion with ipsilateral rotation
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| Movement in the transverse plane is rotation around the _____ axis. | Y
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| The Long Dorsal Sacroiliac ligament has close anatomical relations with the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the ______. | erector spinae
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| (T/F) SI joints are not symmetrical, but are altered by an individual's lifestyle. | True
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| (T/F) Due to tension of the hip ligaments, there is a decrease of internal and external rotation in the flexed position. | False
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| (T/F) The capsule of the hip and the iliofemoral ligament have no effect on limiting bending into extension. | False
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| The hip ligament known as the "Y" ligament is the ______. | Iliofemoral
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| The mobility of the thoracic spine affects the motion of the ______ and ______. | cervical, lumbar spine
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| (T/F) The Ligamentum Flavum is a band of elastic ligament that connects two adjacent lamina. It becomes the facet joint capsule more laterally. | False
*Found the question word for word online that makes me think true, but graded quizzes say false.
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| There are _____ primary curves in the spinal column. | 3
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| The human body is a tensile structure in which tensional integrity is maintained by _______. | muscles and ligaments suspended between bones.
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| Mucopolysaccharide mix found in the nucleus pulposus contains protein bound chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronic acid, keratin sulphate, and ______. | collagenous fibers and no blood vessels or nerves
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| In the lumbar spine, the normal coupled motion is ______. | lateral flexion coupled with contralateral rotation.
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| Intradiscal pressure is increased in unsupported sitting due to ________. | Psoas muscles activity
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