Review for Infant/ General Exam Test (MA Fall 2014)
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| Define Pediatrics | Branch of medicine that deals with the development and care
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| Define Growth | increase in the physical size of the body
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| Define Development | increase in the function of the body
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| Ages of growth and development stages: Newborn | birth to 2-4 weeks
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| Ages of growth and development stages: Infant | 4 weeks
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| Ages of growth and development stages: Toddler | 1-3 years
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| Ages of growth and development stages: Preschooler | 3-6 years
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| Ages of growth and development stages: School age | 6-12 years
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| Ages of growth and development stages: Adolescent | 12-18 years
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| Growth and development principles : occurs in an orderly sequence: | from head to toe and from gross to fine upper body 1st and big body movements 1st
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| Growth and development principles : Continuous and characterized by spurts of growth | grow, stop, then boom, grow a couple inches
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| Growth guidelines: increase in height for first year | 10 inches
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| Growth guidelines: increase in weight during first year | doubles at 6 months, triples at 1 year
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| What does gestational age mean? | length of time in utero - 40 weeks
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| At how many weeks is an infant considered preterm? | before 37 weeks
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| At how many weeks is an infant considered term? | 38-42 weeks
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| At how many weeks is an infant considered postterm? | after 42 weeks
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| What is LGA? | large for gestational age, larger than 90% of other infants at same gestational age
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| What is SGA? | small for gestattional age; weighing less than 90% of other infants at same gestational age
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| What does the Apgar score represent? | Assesses newborn's physical status
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| When is the Apgar test done? | At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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| What is the normal Apgar score? | 7-10
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| What is the largest part of the newborn's body? | head
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| Why do we measure the occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC)? | Assesses brain growth
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| What is the OFC at birth? | 13-14 inches/ 33-35.5cm
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| What is a fontanel or soft spot? | soft membranous seam between skull bones
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| How many fontanels (soft spots) are there? | 2
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| Where are the fontanels (soft spots) located? | anterior fontanel on top: posterior fontanel, back of head
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| When does the anterior fontanel close? | at 12-18 months
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| When does the posterior fontanel close? | at 6-8 weeks
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| what is molding? | compression of head in birth canal during labor
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| when do infants develop good head control? | 4 months
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| What do infants see best at birth? | bright lights
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| When do tears begin to develop? | at 2 months
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| When can infants follow movement with their eyes? | at 2 months
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| when do infants get full eye control? | at 4 months
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| when do infants develop depth perception? | 9 months
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| why are infants and young children more prone to ear infections than older children? | Eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal
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| What are milia? | small pinpoint white or yellow dots on nose, forehead, cheeks and chin; clogges sweat and oil glands (NOT baby acne)
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| What are Mongolian spots? | bluish black pigmentations on lower back, buttocks, anterior trunk, fingers and feet. 90% occurr in African, Indian, Asian, Mediterranean and Hispanic
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| Why does physiologic jaundice develop? | yellowish discoloration of skin from excessive breakdown of RBCs after birth, within 24 hours TX, UV light
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| When do deciduous teeth usually begin to erupt? | 5-9 months
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| What is meconium? | 1st stool that is passed; black and tarry
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| What is the second stool that is passed? | transitional stool: yellow color and seedy
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| What is the last stool that is passed? | milk stool: soft and brown coming out by 4th day
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| When do infants lift their heads and put their hands to their mouths? | 3 months
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| When do infants sit with support and grasp and manipulate objects? | 6 months
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| When do infants sit without support, pull self to standing position, crawl, transfer objects from hand to hand | 9 months
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| When do infantscreep, cruise, walk; being to build blocks; turn pages in a book | 12 months
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