Unit 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are 4 types of unlearned environment-behavior relations | 1. reflexes
2. kinesis
3. taxis
4. fixed action patterns
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| reflex | simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response
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| What type of contingency is a reflex | An S-R relationship
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| elicit | strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
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| Elicit should be used for | respondent functional relations
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| Elicit should not be used for | operant functional relations
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| unconditioned reflex | simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response
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| reflex responses are stereotypic | highly invariant in form
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| innate means | of phylogenic provenance
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| reflexes are mediated by | autonomic nervous system
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| central cortex is | not involved
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| all members of the species | share the same set of reflexes
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| reflexes are highly | invariant in time of appearance during development
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| involuntary means | it bypasses the central cortex
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| patellar reflex | knee-jerk
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| eye blink reflex | if cornea is touched, a person blinks
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| lachrimal reflex | tears are secreted when eyes are exposed to irritants
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| pupillary reflex | light changes in intensity, pupils change in size
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| respiratory reflex | person inhales and exhales as the pressure of air in lungs change
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| rooting reflex | baby's face is touched, head moves toward person
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| peristalsis | when a person swallows, involuntary contractions pass along esophagus
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| reverse peristalsis | vomiting occurs after eating indigestible food
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| Activation or syndrome reflex | onset of a stimulus that is either very intense, painful, or very unusual results in a high state of physiological arousal
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| unconditioned stimulus | stimulus which elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning; due to innate capacity; part of a reflex
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| unconditioned stimulus is only used | for respondent behavior
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| unconditioned stimulus is never | used for operant behavior
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| unconditioned response | response which is elicited by unconditioned stimulus without prior learning; due to phylogenic provenance
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| unconditioned responses is the | response part of unconditioned reflex
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| unconditioned response must be | elicited by a specific unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
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| habituation | temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus (a US or CS)
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| habituation presentations | must occur within a relatively short period of time
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| habituation term | is only used when referring to reflexes
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| adaptation | reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response or a set of responses as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or environmental context
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| unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus | in an unconditioned reflex
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| the unconditioned stimulus | must elicit an unconditioned response (UR) without prior learning
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| the unconditioned stimuli environmental change | must precede the unconditioned response
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| habituation is | transitory
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| adaptation is not | transitory but relatively permanent
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| adaptation can be used | for both reflexes and/or operant behavior
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| potentiation | temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to a repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus; most likely produced by an aversive antecedent stimulus
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| opposite of habituation | potentiation
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| sensitization | tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus
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| catanias definition of sensitization 2013 | eliciting effects of one stimulus are enhanced as a result of presentations of some other stimulus; one stimulus amplifies the eliciting effect of another stimulus
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| catanias definition of sensitization 2007 | lowering of a threshold as when prior delivery of an aversive stimulus lowers intensity at which a noise elicits a startle response
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| difference between potentiation and sensitization | potentiation has only one stimulus that repeats; sensitization has two different stimuli
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| respondent conditioning is also known as | classical conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning
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| conditioned reflex | simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response
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| conditioned reflexes are | learned through contingent pairing of neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli or other conditioned stimuli
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| conditioned response | almost always highly similar if not identical to the unconditioned response
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| all conditioned reflexes | are based on unconditioned reflexes
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| conditioned reflex is also known as | conditioned responses
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