Industrial Rev
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| Industrial Revolution | *A change from man made goods to machine made goods *farming to factories *1700's-early 1800's *US doesn't industrialize until mid 1800's
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| Agricultural Revolution | *caused industrial revo to start in GB
*machines used to advance crop production
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| Advances in Agriculture | *crop rotation- putting nutrients back into the soil by rotating crops every year or two so the field is useful each year *extra crops=food production *sell crops/buy animals and feed them the extra crops *that provided meat to eat or more things to sell
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| New Farm Machines | *J. Tull- seed drill; set seeds in organized patterns
*Iron plows- easier and faster to plow, more durable
*1800's
*mechanical reapers, threshers=easier harvesting
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| Impact of New Machines | *harvest more, plant more, less people to pay for labor
*middle class benefits the most because they own the most land
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| Enclosure Movement | *wealthy landowners start claiming land that use to be public land
*made land private property
*ag. more efficient
*led to more experiments
\*forced small farmers off land= tenant farmers to emigrate into town
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| Impacts of Ag. Revolution | **increased food supply
**improved diet and health of ppl
**that caused increased population and peasants to have jobs
*less farmers needed=new labor force
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| Textile Industry | *Domestic system(1500's-1600's)
*cloth cleaned, spun and weaved
*problems- slow process and high prices
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| Mechanical Inventions | *J. Kay- Flying Shuttle= + weaving process *James Hargreaves, spinning jenny= 1 person spins several threads at once *Richard Arkwright, water frame, spun 100 spindles, used H2O power *Crompton, spinning mule improved Har and Ark's *E. Whitney, cotton gin
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| Factory System | *built b/c new machines large and expensive, needed water to run
*replaced domestic system
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| Steam Engine | *James Watt improve earlier steam engine
*Improves industry and transportation
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| Iron and Coal Industries | *new machines=increased need for iron and coal
*GB has large supply of coal and ore
*developments increase production of iron
*H. Bessemer-1850's
*helped remove impurities= stronger steel=better railroads, machines, and equipment
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| Transportation and Communication Advances | *better roads (stone surfaces)
*steam engine=railroads, steam ships
*steel=faster trains
*Impacts: transportation, cheaper, easier, faster, better for moving
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| Why Britain led the Industrial Revolution? | *resources, money, stable government, waterways to transport, still recovering from revolution, trade/imports, navy, water power
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| John Kay | Invented the flying shuttle for weaving
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| James Aergreaves | made a faster way to spin thread by attaching several spindles to one spinning wheel
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| Factory system | *running water=power source
*replaced domestic system
*workers/machines brought to one place
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| Development of the Iron and Coal Industries | *charcoal used to heat ore
*henry cort-puddling process made iron stronger and less likely to crack
-producing sheets of iron
*bessemer process-cold air blown through heated iron got rid of impurities
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| Advances in transportation and communication | *canal building
*road building
*railroad industry
*the rocket, first steam powered locomotive
*steam powered boats
*postal system
*morse developed telegraph
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