The Vietnam War
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| name who has occupied vietnam since 208 BC in order. | china, no one (independence), France, Japan, France, United States, no one (independence)
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| what does ho chi minh mean | one who enlightens
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| what political party was ho chi minh | nationalist and communist
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| vietminh movement | wanted to expel all foreigners from vietnam
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| who did we help ho chi minh defeat | japanese
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| how long did the vietnam war last | 30 years 1945-1975
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| what was truman's reason for involvement | to contain communism (truman doctrine)
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| what were trumans actions/policies in vietnam | sent $$ to frenchies
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| eisenhower's reason for involvement | domino theory
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| where was north and south vietnam split | 17th parallel
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| when was north and south vietnam split | geneva conference in 1954 (was unified again in 2 years)
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| who did eisenhower fund | ngo dinh diem (SOUTH vietnam prezzie)
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| eisenhower's actions/policies in vietnam | funded french, refused to help french in dienbeinphu, lost french as allies, geneva convention, seato formed, funded ngo dinh diem, "laos is key to region"
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| kennedy's reason for involvement | kennedy doctrine (said SV is cornerstone of SE Asia)
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| quang duc | 1 of 6 buddhist monks that lit themselves on fire in busy intersection
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| why did kennedy not withdraw troops? | assassination of president diem
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| kennedy's actions/policies in vietnam | neutralized laos, sends green berets, sees quang duc and decides to withdraw, can't because diem is assassinated, raises troop levels to 16,000, cuts down $$
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| what did it mean to neutralize laos | made it neither capitalist nor communist
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| johnson's reason for involvement | "attacked" at gulf of tonkin
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| dates of gulf of tonkin attack | august 2 and 4 1964
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| us version of gulf of tonkin | torpedoed unprovoked in international waters
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| vietnam version of gulf of tonkin | defending their waters, no torpedoes fired
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| ship attacked in gulf of tonkin | uss maddox
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| tonkin gulf resolution | blank check for vietnam, passed easily thru house and senate
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| operation rolling thunder | bombed ho chi minh trail for 3.5 years
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| the good guys | USA, Republic of Vietnam (s), SEATO
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| bad guys | democratic republic of vietnam (n), vietminh communists, russia, china
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| commander in vietnam | william westmoreland
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| what percent of people in vietnam were drafted | 25%
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| what was the military strategy on the ground | search and destroy
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| what was tough about search and destroy | tough terrain, they had homefield advantage, enemy was elusive
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| what was each soldiers goal | stay alive for 365 days
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| robert macnamara | our defense secretary, came up with body count idea
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| body count | if we kill more of them than they kill of us, we'll win (numbers were inflated because vietnamese took their dead into tunnels and we counted villagers as viet cong)
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| "you can kill ten of my men for every one I kill of yours, but even at those odds, i will win and you will lose." | ho chi minh
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| average age of soldier in vietnam | 18 yrs 11 months
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| pacification | relocated villagers to larger camps, forced urbanization, to root out communism in villages, villagers didn't like it so we weren't winning hearts and minds of civilians
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| tiger force | prestigious airborne group of 18-24 year olds that were supposed to pacify SV below 17th parallel but really committed war crimes
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| "i have never been more encouraged..." | general westmoreland
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| what is vietnamese new year called | tet
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| what was the result of the tet offensive | credibility gap widens
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| what were the reactions of LBJ to tet offensive (5) | called for negotiations with hanoi, bombing halt, replaced westmoreland with abrams, did not seek nomination, approval rating 35%
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| hawks | for winning the war
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| doves | against the war (dr. king)
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| where was the us embassy in vietnam | saigon
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| "the promises of the great society have been shot down on the battlefields of vietnam." | dr. king
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| troop levels and money spent in lbj's presidency | 550,000 troops... $90 billion
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| pueblo incident | north korea captures uss pueblo
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| "peace with honor" | nixon
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| nixon's reason for involvement | nixon doctrine- idea that us will no longer use troops to solve world problems
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| vietnamization | turning fight over to south vietnamese
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| what other 2 countires besides vietnam did we bomb | cambodia and laos
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| who was the triangular diplomacy between | china, russia, north vietnam
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| who published the pentagon papers in 1971 | daniel ellsberg on purpose gave to new york times
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| my lai massacre | instead of pacifying a village, it was massacred with 567 villagers killed
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| who was responsible for my lai massacre | lt william calley. was convicted of 22 murders.
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| kent state massacre | reflection that vietnam is ripping america apart
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| who were the usa/vietnam negotiations between | henry kissinger/le duc tho
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| "peace is at hand" | nixon said this b4 election
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| ceasefire | jan 27, 1973. we withdrew 27,000 troops, got our pows back, and let SV be self-determined
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| war powers act | limits power of president to send us to war
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| ford's reason for involvement | pacific (ford) doctrine- said we will not give in to communists, we will stay in vietnam and protect the pacific
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| by nixons resignation how many troops are left and how much $ spent | 0 troops left and $72 billion spent
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| ho chi minh offensive/ nva/vc offensive | ford's last push to win the war but congress denied him the $$
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| uss mayaguez | was captured by cambodian military. 41 ppl died to save 39. total disaster
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| who designed the vietnam war memorial | maya lin
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| total # of americans dead | 58,325
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| total cost | $173 billion
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| viet president at time of ceasefire | nguyen van theiu
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| triangular diplomacy | nixon's alliance with russia, china, and vietnam where he tried to make them all jealous of each other and compete
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| what general replaced westmoreland | creighton abrams
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| what was the name of nixon's unpredictable bombing scheme | madman theory aka operation duckhook
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| who was the 1st president of south vietnam | diem
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| We are not about to send American boys nine or ten thousand miles away from home to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves | LBJ
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| which us prez sent the most troops to vietnam | LBJ
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| who negotiated in paris for vietnam | le duc tho
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| who negotiated in paris for usa | kissinger
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| who was the first president to send advisers to vietnam | truman
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| last president of south vietnam | thieu
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| french leader at time of vietnam war | charles degal
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| what country (other than vietnam) did nixon bomb 1st | cambodia
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| who created the draft | LBJ
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| what gas was sprayed to kill plants | agent orange
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| what term described america's new fear to get involved in a foreign war | vietnam syndrome
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| where did operation rolling thunder bomb | ho chi minh trail
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| capital of south vietnam, "safest palce" | saigon
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| what was exchanged between usa and vietnam at the ceasefire | pows
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| which bombing led to the ceasefire | linebacker ii
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| what special forces did kennedy send | green berets
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| who was the 1st president to remove advisers | kennedy
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| nva stands for | north vietnamese army
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| nlf stands for | national liberation front
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| what was the only ford policy that congress let him carry out | evacuation
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| why did NVA and VC win?? (4) | inappropriate american tactics, no central south vietnamese leadership, nva/vc fought determined and well, soviet and chinese support of vietnam
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| war's effects of vietnam? (3) | went communist, landscape destroyed, human cost
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| war's effects on usa? (6) | credibility gap, 58325 dead, 173 billion spent, cold war loss, vietnam syndrome, war powers act
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| operation frequent wind | american evacuation of vietnam by helicopter from saigon
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