Charpter 1 Classifying and Exploring Life
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| organisms | things that have all the characteristics of life
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| 6 characteristic to all living things | 1. organization
2. growth and development
3. reproduction
4. responds to stimuli
5. homeostasis
6. energy
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| cell | the smallest unit of life
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| unicellular | living things that are made of only one cell
(gets bigger by cell getting bigger)
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| multicellular | living things that are made of two or more cells
(gets bigger by making more cells)
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| sexual reproduction | requires 2 parents...offspring is a mix of parents genetics
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| asexual reproduction | requires 1 parent...offspring is a clone of parent
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| response | reaction to a stimulus
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| stimulus | anything that causes a change in an organism
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| internal stimuli | stimuli that organisms react to from inside their body ex: hunger, thirst, body temperature, stress
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| external stimuli | stimuli that organisms react to from outside their body or surrounding environment ex: light, heat, noise, danger
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| homeostasis | an organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change
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| producer | make their own energy
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| consumer | eat to get energy
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| organization levels throughout the organism | cells -> tissue -> organ -> organ systems ->
organism
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| Characteristic #1 - organization | living things have specialized structures with specialized functions
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| Characteristic #2 - growth and development | living things grow by increasing cell size and/or increasing cell number
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| Characteristic #3 - reproduction | living things make more living things through the process of reproduction
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| Characteristic #4 - respond to stimuli | living things adjust and respond to changes in their internamland external environments
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| Characteristic #5 - homeostasis | living things maintain stable internal conditions
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| Characteristic #6 - use of energy | living things use energy for all the processes they perform
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| binomial nomenclature | gives each organism a two-word scientific name
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| species | is a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring
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| genus | is a group of similar species
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| dichotomous key | is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that leads the user to the identification of an unknown organism
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| cladogram | is a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors
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| light microscope | use light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object
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| compound microscope | a light microscope that uses more than one lens to magnify an object (eyepiece and objective lens)
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| electron microscope | use a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through an object or onto an object's surface
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| transmission electron microscope (TEM) | used to study extremely small items; thin slice of a dead organism
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| scanning electron microscope (SEM) | used to study an objects surface...produces a 3-dimensional image
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| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | In 1600's made one of the first microscopes
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| Robert Hooke | in 1700's he observed and named cells using a microscope
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| total magnification | eye lens x objective lens
ex: low power = 40x
ex: middle power = 100x
ex: high power = 400x
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