Key words
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Eruption | When lava or ash comes out of a volcano
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| Volcano | A mountain that shoots out molten rock
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| Cement | Building material made using limestone and other materials. Also means ‘stick together’.
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| Concrete | A building material made by mixing sand, cement and gravel with water
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| Crystal | A grain in a rock that interlocks with other grains
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| Gabbro | A type of igneous rock with large crystals
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| Geologist | A scientist who studies rocks of the Earth
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| Grain | A distinct part of a rock, made of one or more minerals
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| Granite | A type of igneous rock with large crystals
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| Gravel | Small pieces of rock used in building
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| Interlocking | When crystals fit together with no gaps between them
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| Limestone | A sedimentary rock made from the shells of dead sea creatures (calcium carbonate)
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| Permeable | Allows water to soak through
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| Porous | Contains tiny holes
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| Quartz | A mineral that forms grains in sandstone
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| Rock | A naturally occurring substance made of one or more minerals
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| Sandstone | A sedimentary rock made out of grains of quartz
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| Sinkhole | A large hole in the ground caused by limestone dissolving
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| Basalt | An igneous rock with very tiny crystals
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| Crust | The solid rocks at the surface of the Earth
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| Extrusive | Igneous rocks formed when lava freezes above the ground
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| Gneiss | A metamorphic rock formed when schist is heated and squashed more usually with bands of different colours
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| Igneous rock | Rock made from interlocking crystals that are not in layers formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies
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| Intrusive | Igneous rock formed when magma freezes underground
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| Lava | Molten rock that runs out of volcanoes
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| Magma | Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth
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| Mantle | The part of the Earth below the crust
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| Metamorphic rock | A rock formed from interlocking crystals that are often lined up in layers formed by heating and compressing existing rocks
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| Schist | A metamorphic rock formed when slate or other rocks are heated and squashed more usually shiny with flat crystals in wavy layers
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| Abrasion | When rock fragments bump into each other and wear away
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| Biological weathering | When rocks are worn away or broken up due to the activities of living things
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| Chemical weathering | When rocks are broken up or worn away by chemical reactions
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| Erosion | The movement of loose and weathered rock
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| Contract | Get smaller
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| Expand | Get bigger
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| Freeze-thaw | A type of physical weathering that happens when water freezes in a crack
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| Glacier | Ice that fills a valley and moves slowly downhill
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| Landslide | Sudden movement of rocks and/or soil downward
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| Onion-skin weathering | A type of physical weathering that happens when a rock is heated and cooled in a cycle
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| Physical weathering | When rocks are worn away or broken up by a physical process
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| Sediment | Rock grains and fragments dropped by moving air or water
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| Transport | See Erosion
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| Weathering | When rocks are broken up by physical, chemical or biological processes
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| Cementation | A process in which water is squeezed out of the spaces between pieces of rock, leaving mineral salts behind that stick or cement the rock pieces together
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| Compaction | When layers of sediment or rock are squashed by the weight of sediment above them
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| Deposit | When moving wind, water or ice drops rock fragments or grains
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| Fossil | The remains of a dead animal or plant that became trapped in layers of sediment and turned into rock
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| Marble | A metamorphic rock formed from limestone
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| Mudstone | A sedimentary rock made of tiny particles
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| Rock cycle | All the processes that form sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks linked together
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| Sedimentary rock | A rock formed from grains stuck together
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| Slate | A metamorphic rock with tiny crystals that are line up
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| Mining | Obtaining metal ores or other substances from the Earth
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| Native state | When a metal is found in the Earth as an element
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| Ore | A rock that contains enough of a certain mineral or metal to make it worth mining
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| Recycling | Using a material again, often by melting it and using it to make new objects
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| Toxic | Poisonous
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